Human †Religion Essay

I re eachy have to give credit for my godliness & beliefs for my search on the meaning of life. Im a in full baptized Catholic, and a part of Gods Church. 17 eld of existence a Catholic and in search of the meaning of life, I have always thought it is about the Call to faith.My religion taught me that being a part of Gods Church is no accident, solely because God wanted to share in His own blessed life, and in doing so He wanted me to desire & serve Him freely by following His will. And by following his will, God will grant me perfect(a) happiness which will lead to my salvation.All Catholics knew that God sent His son, Jesus, to assemble an example for us. Jesus showed the perfect example & answered the call to Holiness. He showed us that we should love our neighbors as God showed His love for us and that is what the Call to Holiness is. In search for the true meaning of life, it will take atomic reactor of years, but for now I plan to stick with what my religion has taught me.Carl RogersCarl Rogers express & focused on self-actualization. He believed that a person should develop his/her likely to the fullest, and in good condition. In doing so, the environment of a person should be inherently good. A person will only stop develop if constraints block the development. A fully developed person shows that he/she achieved the highest level of being a right & fully-functioning human being. Mahatma Gandhi.Mahatma Gandhi, which means great soul, was an ideologist during the Independent movement of India from the British. As an ideological leader he believed vehemence should neer be an answer to fight for his peoples rights, and should never take discrimination. He also believed that harmony, truth & equality exists between all religions.With these 2 influential personas, I have noticed similarities between them. They both(prenominal) talk about human beings having a common good within of them. They emphasized that all humans were born good, but becaus e of destructiveenvironment, they angle to turn their backs on what is right. Sources http//www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html.http//www.ask.com/question/what-were-gandhi-s-beliefs.

Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed Essay

in that location has al counsels been some(prenominal) times in our lives when we retrace our naive primal days that we learn from try-and-error and we bungholet stop thinking how I wish there were mentors in my life who draw me the blueprint of emerging, bloom verboten the correct way for me to pursuit and prevent me from making so much immature mistakes. Therefore, some of us come up with the whim of making it educational institutions responsibility to dissuade students from move fields of memorise in which they ar unlikely to succeed. I adjudge that some instructions and advises should be given to young generations when choosing their future cargoner. However, in my view the statement goes too far, by suggesting that it is the educational institutions duty to inspection and repair the students make the choice. If followed the statement, the social, psychological and human-rights implications the suggestion carries would fun out to be to a greater extent harmful tha n beneficial non just to the students but to the entire auberge.At first blush, the statement seems compelling. One great purpose of education is instilling in students with experiences of elderberry bush generations after all. Young race, passionate, brave and innovative as they atomic number 18, their naivety and lack of experience often make them mistakenly upchuck too much energy on areas theyre unlikely to obtain success in the first place, waste the golden years and close up all the great talents and efforts in vain. Usually, it is hard for stack to bringing close to requireher their talents and abilities objectively at their juvenile mounts when their minds are full of confidence and paddy wagon desperate for success. Every year, thousands of hundreds of young throng flock to Hollywood hoping to get auditions to show their talent and dream about overnight fame likewise, the number of students connection the fierce competition of entering acting school continues to rise in recent years.However, most(prenominal) customaryly, these passionate young battalion who are dullard to pursuit a career of acting end up doing odd jobs in restaurants for a living. Supposing when receiving education, these young battalion have been carefully assessed and assured not having the qualities of becoming an actor they would not be so recherche at investing precious time and efforts on pursuing a career theyre not suitable with and may turn to early(a) area which they show much capabilities on. Another common circumstance is that some fields of study themselves are not easy to make a difference or not worthworking on such as alchemy, inventing perpetual-motion machine and studying the origin of the universe in exploitation countries. At this time, young people need helps from instructors and schools to understand the situation clearly and avoid those areas which have reached to a dead end, so as not to waste their valuable youth times.Beyond this conc ession, however, I disagree with the statement mainly because it actually implies that educational institutions should make choices relating students future career for them sooner of letting them make their own choices. First, this policy would require that a society of parents make choices that they surely leave never agree upon to begin withfor example, how and on what basis each students talents and abilities should be assessed, and which field of study is promising and most worth the societys time and efforts. plot of ground societys parents would never reach a closeable consensus on these issues, it would be totally irresponsible to leave these choices to a handful of institutions and bureaucrats. subsequently all, they are unlikely to have the best interests of the students in mind, and their choices would be corrupted by their own quirky, biased and profit-oriented notions of how the student throne be successful. Chances are these institutions lead make the majority of its students into fields of study which are most popular currently in order to enhance the institutions reputation. If so, the policy lead dwindle into tool for educational institutions to sacrifice its students interests in order to hit the roof the institutions profits.Even assuming both the institutions and bureaucrats puts students interests at first instead of universe driven by its own profit when helping students choose their future career, I still disagree with the statement. One important reason is that whether peoples talent or societys situation are both complicated things hard to be estimated which means even the instructors are equipped with more experience and information, it is still unjustified that they will exceed the students when concerning the students future. Great minds are always ahead of the times genius artists and scientists commonly go offnot be recognized at a very young ageespecially by their teachers. Einstein was considered dull and unpromising by his primary school teacher Van Goghs motion-picture show was considered to be of no valuein most of his lifetimes.Educational institutions evaluating students talent from a mundane piece of view may be counterproductive and at last leave students talent killed in the cradle. Similarly, peoples affection on field of study worth putting efforts on earth-closet be of no accuracy as well. It is very much common that many researchers and projects which shows little value and hope at times turn out to be crucial foundations of great discovery and inventions in the future. permit educational institutions choosing fields of study which its students are more easily to get through success may cause the whole society turn to areas which can be achievement in a very short terminal and nobody will engage on studies such as art, floor and theoretical science whose fruits are hard to gain immediately. Obviously this will eventually break the balance and threat the whole society.Another reason I oppose to the statement is that the definition of success itself is vague and controversial. darn some people reckon successful career as those who can bring them wealth and reputation, some may prefer occupation which can make them feel accomplished and fulfilled. Also a great tote up of people like me expect jobs which are not so engage that can leave us free time to attend our families. Since peoples opinion on successful career is such complicated and diversity, letting educational institutions make choice for young peoples future career based on their understanding of success does not make any sense.Moreover, peoples talents and abilities usually stretch out into various fields. Einstein the famous scientist is also an outstanding violinist Da Vinci shows talents both on arts and autonomy. But at last people tend to choose the field which they have the most passion on as their lifelong career because usually people behave repair on areas theyre most interested in. Supposing regardless of peoples will, we put Albert Einstein into a symphony for a living and let Da Vinci go to medical school in which he will not be distracted by all about painting those people may as well be well-known or even richer, but will the world and the genius themselves be more pleasant?In the final analysis, when we are helping young people plan their future career with experience and information brought by elder generations were all better off, only if we stick to the principle that the right to makechoices about future career is held in the young people themselves hands. Through education we provide students with a value system and a set of logic to serve as compass, skills as well as knowledge to serve as ballast. But the ultimate purpose is to enable young people themselves holding the rudder of their life ship and sailing the way they wish.

Congestive Heart Failure In Pediatrics Essay

Congestive breast hardship is non a disease, just a condition in which the fondness is unable to pump large blood needed to determine the cardiac demands of the body and facilitate general circulation. Congestive Heart Failure can be serious or left-sided, and is mainly a nomadic issue, in which there is a rock-bottom amount of blood to the kidneys. In children, CHF can be long terminal figure and is most common in infants it can also result from softheartedness tribulation where ventricle contractility is impaired after an increase workload on the heart. For most infants diagnosed with CHF, the cause is Congenital Heart Disease(Perry, Hockenberry, Lowdermilk, & Wilson, 2010, p. 1454). There ar m each signs and symptoms of CHF, and if untreated damage to the heart occurs. Labs and diagnostic tests can let in a metabolic panel, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), CBCs, x-ray imaging, and a fetal echocardiography for fetuses suspected of CHF. Medical word can be extensive , hardly easily implemented with preparation, attention, and cargon.Congestive Heart Failure can be divided into right sided heart ruin (HF) and left sided heart failure (HF). Right sided HF is also known as Cor pulmonale, and is failure of the right side of the heart that occurs after chronic hypertension in the pneumonic arteries and right ventricles of the heart. Right sided HF occurs with left sided HF and often results in fluid backup in the abdomen, legs and feet create swelling (Cor pulmonale, 2012, p. 1). Venous in high spirits blood insistence throughout the body causes an enlarged embodyr and spleen, and occasionally edema. Left sided HF is the most common form of HF and whitethorn result in fluid backup in the lungs and increased pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary veins (Heart Failure, 2011, p. 1). The lungs become congested with blood, causing elevated pulmonary pressures and pulmonary edema(Perry et al., 2010, p. 1453). It is not usual to analyze only ri ght sided or only left sided HF in children.Signs and symptoms of CHF include anxiety and restlessness, clubbed fingertips, confusion, cool moist skin, cyanosis, di new-fashionedd pupils, edema, fatigue, fright, pallor, petechia, and dimness reduced BP, weak pulses, jugular vein distension, tachycardia(irregularly fast heart beatsincluding an S3 gallop), and reduced cardiac input within the cardiovascular system dyspnea, shortness of breath on exertion, adventitious breath sounds such as crackles and wheezing or grunting, decreased type O saturation, tachypnea, orthopnea, and pulmonary congestion within the respiratory system decreased urinary output as kidneys compensate for an increase in degree Celsius dioxide by retaining sodium and water, renal overload and potential renal failure within the genitourinary system and decreased motility, decreased bowel sounds, need of appetite, nausea and vomiting, and ascites within the genitointestinal system. If the abnormalities precipita ting CHF are not reformed, the heart energy becomes damaged(Perry et al., 2010, p. 1454). Diagnosing CHF thru testing is performed in discordant ways.Blood tests for congestive heart failure checks for levels of a hormone called B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Large amounts of BNP could indicate CHF. Coronary catheterization, or angiogram, is used to identify the strength of ones left ventricle and the health of the heart valves using a dye that is visible down the stairs x-ray. An echocardiogram can be used to produce a video bod of your hearts size, structure and percentage. It can help doctors determine the persona of blood being pumped out of the left ventricle. Right heart catheterization is a test in which a catheter is inserted through the neck or groin and is guided into the heart to measure pressures within the chambers (CHF Testing, 2011, p. 2). These various tests, or combinations of tests, helps guide health care teams in the proper treatment of CHF. Medical tr eatment of Congestive Heart Failure includes but is not limited to improving the hearts function removal of fluid in the peritoneal and thoracic cavities decreasing cardiac demands increasing create from raw material perfusion and treating anaphylaxis.The primary focus is treating any underlying causes of signs and symptoms associated with CHF. Improving cardiac function may be done with oxygen administration, repositioning patients for comfort and increased vascular circulation, and medication administration including Digoxin (Lanoxin) which increases cardiac output by increasing the strength and contractility of the heart and ACE inhibitors, such as captopril (Capoten) and Enalapril (Vasotec), which inhibit vasoconstriction, thus vasodilating blood vessels. Removal of fluid in the peritoneal thoracic cavities may include fluid restriction, and be finished via paracentesis or thoracentesis, or by administeringdiuretics such as furosemide (Lasix) and Spironolactone (Adalactone), w hich decrease water concentration in the blood and in turn lower arterial blood pressure. Diuretics are the mainstay of therapy to pass excess water and salt to prevent re-accumulation(Perry et al., 2010, p. 1459). barbarianren are not more likely to have sodium-restricted diets because they need a higher caloric divine guidance than adults and they may not eat as much as adults with CHF. diminish cardiac demands includes keeping metabolic needs low and may be done by maintaining body temperature, limiting activity, reducing the work of breathing, and treating any infections so the body can reach homeostasis. Cool cloths, clustered care, oxygen administration, sedative medications to promote relaxation, and prophylactic antibiotics may all be efficient treatment methods for decreasing cardiac demands. Increasing tissue perfusion can be done with oxygen administered via nasal cannula, face mask, face tent or oxygen hood and will increase oxygenation to the heart and blood vessel s and advance myocardial function or lessen tissue oxygen demands (Perry et al., 2010, p. 1459-60). group O dilates blood vessels and increases pulmonary blood flow. Treating anaphylaxis includes identification of allergens, detection of early and late signs of anaphylaxis, and pluckment of anaphylaxis.Identification of allergens is recognizing what people may be allergic to or what may trigger anaphylactic reactions. Early signs of anaphylaxis are irritability, headache, dizziness, itching, sneezing, watery eyes, and rash. upstart signs of anaphylaxis are shortness of breath and wheezing, pulmonary edema, decreased cardiac output, and if untreated, death. oversight of anaphylaxis includes establishing airways for patients that may need intubation oxygen administration antihistamine and vasopressor administration and tuition of how to prevent future anaphylactic events. As a nurse fondness for a patient with Congestive Heart Failure, one needs to masterful thorough assessment s to identify signs and symptoms of CHF, report any abnormal lab determine or findings to physicians immediately, and be prepared to assist with any interventions needed to manage the condition and provide comfort and support to patients and their families.Nurses responsibilities include but are not limited to assessing patients and the severity of their condition, forming nursing diagnoses for potential risks to patients and staff feel for for patients with CHF, observing for worsening conditions, planning andimplementing adequate and professional care for CHF patients and their families, correct medication calculation and administration, and evaluating the effectiveness of care for patients to ensure that conditions will improve. CHF is a condition that has affected the lives of many another(prenominal) people. Some well-known persons include level Clinton, David Letterman, Larry King, Mike Ditka, Tommy Lasorta, Dick Cheney, Phyllis Diller, Elizabeth Taylor and Victoria Gotti. Famous people such as these often have access to better health care because of fiscal stability. This often times proves beneficial when treating congestive heart failure in earlier stages, and helps them extend their lifespan with less signs and symptoms. Unfortunately they also live a life that is altered by their disease and ultimately no form of financial stability will cure the condition. Congestive Heart Failure is not a disease, but a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood needed to meet the cardiac demands of the body and facilitate systemic circulation. There are many signs and symptoms of CHF, and if untreated damage to the heart occurs. Medical treatment can be extensive, but easily implemented with preparation, attention and care.ReferencesCor pulmonale. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/ PMH0001186/Congestive Heart Failure Testing. (2011). Retrieved from http//labtestsonline.org /understanding/conditions/chf/start/1Heart Failure. (2011). Retrieved from http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-failure/ds00061/dsection=causes Perry, S. E., Hockenberry, M. J., Lowdermilk, D. L., & Wilson, D. (2010). Maternal Child Nursing Care (4th ed.). Missouri Mosby Elsevier.

ECCB & Property Development in Malaysia Essay

Marketers ar either directly or indirectly involved in the efforts to promote environmentally conscious behavior amongst the consumers with a face to addressing the globular concerns about the global warming (Rauschelbach, 2002). Governments have come up with diverse policies on climate miscellany that companies and corporations, both national and multinational, must play along with. Consumers in Malaysia and other countries have started being environment conscious by consuming environmentally friendly products (Woolley & Kimmins).The environmentally conscious consumer behavior is a bureau the consumers batten down that environment around them is preserved, especially in view of escalating challenges of garbage disposal and depletion of the available natural resources. It is important to note that consumers ar involved in environmentally conscious consumption because they have acknowledge personal responsibility for the environmental pollution problem (Hoyer, 2008).The infl uence on consumers to take over the approach of environmentally friendly consumption has been enhanced by media campaigns organized by various stakeholders in collaboration with relevant organization institutions. Producing and supplying environmentally friendly products is one of the effective selling points for closely corporations all over the world. This paper will therefore discuss slipway in which home schooling companies terminate target and then rank themselves into the growing market role arising from environmentally Conscious Consumer Behavior in Malaysia.How seat development companies smoke target and then, position themselves into the growing market arising from the ECCB in Malaysia Producing eco-friendly products is one of the nearly important promotional points for the 21st century corporations. This is facilitated by the fact that most product consumers in Malaysia argon increasingly become aw argon of the need to conserve the environment, especially with respect to climate change and the trend is the same all over the world.Consequently, this has resulted into a market where consumers are more drawn to environmentally friendly products than ever. Going by the statistics provided by the United Nations surroundal Programme (2007) keeping developments industry contributes approximately 30%-40% of the total global carbon dioxide emission arising from energy consumption. Coupled with the market arising from Environmentally Conscious Consumer Behavior, the lieu development sector is forced to reckon the products it avails to the consumers in the property market.There are arrange of options available to the property developers in Malaysia that can enable them to target and position themselves in the Malaysian market arising from Environmentally Conscious Consumer Behavior. It is important to note that consumers are increasingly becoming concerned about global warming and one way through which they can effective participate is by holdin g producers responsible to global warming paying anxiety to whether the production process leads to increase greenhouse gas emissions (Fischer & Black, 1995).One of the ways through which the property development companies in Malaysia can use to target and position themselves in Malaysian market is reducing energy habitude for the property in offer. The companies can ensure the ignitor systems in their property utilize more environmental friendly energy sources. For instance, they can face out the use of traditionalistic incandescent bulbs and replace them with compact fluorescent fixture lighting tubes (Kelly, 2009). It is also pivotal to note that a larger percentage of energy consumptions take place during the period structures are in use than during the construction process.The energy usage during the life time of a building, energy usage may accept heating, ventilation, cooling and lighting amongst other energy using appliances. In localise to target and position thems elves in the Malaysian property market, the companies can adopt the use of the most advanced technologies like thermal insulation, utilize solar shading and also fit their property with energy efficient appliances (Kelly, 2009). The Standards and industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) came up with a enunciateing program in which products are verified as environmentally friendly.The property companies ensure that they purchase their fittings from such suppliers whose products are genuinely labeled as environment friendly this should be informed by the fact that as many of Malaysian consumers as possible are becoming aware of the labeling programme and hence are cautious with their consumption behavior. Besides, this can be reinforced by good-natured more in environmental campaigns to convince the consumers that they seriously committed to the preservation of environment and its resources (Abdullah, 1999). The materials used in constructing property are very life-and-de ath in terms of environmental concerns.The property companies should use non-toxic construction materials that do not take chemicals and substances like mercury and the in the process of trade they should emphasize on such characteristics. Moreover, it is important to note that environment conservation groups are slowly increasing in number these groups have attracted the attention of the advertising firms. It is of great benefit for property companies in Malaysia to use these groups and or advertise through the firms that have strong link with such groups (Wells, 2007). governance of household absconds are an important component of environmental conservation. Property companies should ensure that their buildings are equipped with safe, efficient and eco-friendly means of disposing wastes. This may include spry waste bins which can be emptied in a track and waste transported to appropriate places. In addition to this, the sewerage systems should also encourage hygienics and hav e no health risks which are some of the major concerns for most consumers (Snyder, 2000). There are also a number of activities that companies can protrude and support amongst the Malaysian communities.They can fund eco-friendly initiatives like planting of trees and facilitating enquiry towards finding alternative energy sources. Again, the companies can ensure that their property is determined in a clean neighborhood. This has the potential to attract more of the Environmentally Conscious Consumers (ECC). Conclusion Environmentally Conscious Consumer Behavior has had significant cause on how property companies strategize on penetrating the market. The companies have to ensure their products are environmentally friendly so as to attract the Malaysian property buyers.However, there are range strategies that can assist the companies in targeting and fix themselves in the Malaysian property market where consumers are increasing acquiring concerned with the conservation of environm ent. When the buildings are constructed with harmless materials which do not contain chemicals and substances like mercury, the companies are highly likely to get more buyers. Moreover, with label identity policy for eco-friendly products in Malaysia, most consumers will check on such labels before finally making purchase.It is therefore imperative that property companies should partner with such suppliers whose products meet the labeling standards (Abdullah, 1999). The companies can also ensure that lighting systems in their property are energy efficient. Instead of using the traditional lighting bulbs like incandescent, the companies can fit their buildings with energy efficient fluorescent tubes (Kelly, 2009). Besides, they can also support environment conservation initiatives in communities this can also include using advertising firms that have strong link up with environment conservation groups.References Abdullah, M. (1999). Small and medium enterprises in Malaysia policy is sues and challenges. Malaysia Ashgate. Fischer, F. & Black, M. (1995). discolour environmental policy the politics of a sustainable future. United States Palgrave Macmillan. Hoyer, D. , et al. (2008). Consumer Behavior. capital of the United Kingdom Cengage Learning. Kelly, D. (2009). Community planning an introduction to the comprehensive plan. U. S Island Press. Rauschelbach, B. (2002). Cooperating for sustainable touristry proceedings of the Forum International at the Reisepavillon, 2002. U. S Kasparek Verlag.Snyder, C. (2000). Union County, public address system a celebration of history. U. S Penn State Press. United Ntaions Environmental Programme. (March 2007). Environment for development. Retrieved from http//www. unep. org/Documents. Multilingual/Default. asp? DocumentID=502&ArticleID=5545&l=enAccessed August 24, 2010. Wells, W. (2007). Blueprint for greening cheap housing. United States Island Press. Woolley, T. & Kimmins, S. (2000). Green building handbook a guide to b uilding products and their impact on the environment, Volume 2. New York Taylor & Francis.

Technology and Ethics

While t present is a robust argu custodyt in Ameri rotter companionship over the analogy between skilful schoolnology and much(prenominal) ethical issues as res publica, topical anestheticism and the environment, the gateway of technologies admits of no debate. Jerry Mander writes, It is a melancholy fact that in our partnership the freshman rolls of descriptions intimately youthful technologies invariably come from the corporations and scientists who invent and market these technologies and who pay back much to gain by our accepting a positive opine (Mander, 1996, 345). This is a of import point the introductory issue is that the introduction of new technologies is far removed from each real democratic banter. much(prenominal)(prenominal) discussion always occurs in a sterile environment, always after the fact.For example, the training and mass production of the automobile was hai conduct almost univers entirelyy as a alterationary development. It was supposed to provide freedom of feat and make our dry land atrophieder. Such slogans to a fault met the development of air travel, television and the internet. Such things were sure in society almost without discussion, save for a few marginalized conventionalists and agrarians who were speechmaking into the wander. N eertheless(prenominal), the automobile has recreated the Ameri freighter landscape, demanded thousands of miles of paved roads, brought civilization to small t professs whether they wanted it or non, killed m all millions in traffic accidents adult malewide, massively increased the dependency on oil and created a massive oligarchy of unified capital who benefits from all this.It industrialism to a fault led, and leads. . . to social and political consequences the squeezing of farm populations and the uncontrollable growth of cities, the disembowelment of self-reliant communities, the enlargement of central governments, the enthr acement of science as thought ideolo gy, a wide and increasing gap between rich and poor, and impression values of pelf, growth, property, and consumption. (Sale, 1996)Now, the general point is had all of this been kn generate (or theorized) in 1920, and a national discussion had taken place, would we have the mass production of automobiles?Has it, ultimately, been a nice thing? Often, the common response is that you cant point bring forward. Such a slogan is saturated with cynicism and a cleanity, as if technologies were some(prenominal) unstable phenomenon as natural as photosynthesis. Progress is something that is, as Mander says, dictated by a handful of major corporate and government agencies who decide what modulate progress exit take.In addition, Mander also holds that technologies, such as thermonuclear military force and air travel, be inherently slanting politically. He writes, To build and verify nuclear post plants requires a large, mettlesomely technical and very well-financed infrastru cture. . . It can l unitysome(prenominal) be done by huge, centralized institutions. Without such institutions, nuclear power could not exist (Mander, 2006, 347). Mander sees the same problems in the development of the internet.Such hasten in communications and access to information does lowly but pay heed the continued centralisation of political and stinting power. In fact, it is my opinion that computing machine engineer may be the single most grievous cats-paw ever invented for the acceleration of centralized power. While we sit at our PCs. . . .transnational corporations argon using their planetary net belongs, fed by far groovyer resources. . . .they lam on a outperform and at a speed that makes our own level of cyber-empowerment seem pathetic by comparison (Mander, 2006, 355).Even more, such global interconnectedness, long lauded as a path to freedom and unity, brings instead, cultural take and a destruction of diversity. The computer novelty is a revolution tha t permits a handful of major cultural centers such as Hollywood to enforce their watch over of the institution into every corner of the world, and the results of this be just starting time to be seen. The issue of Hollywood and New York imposing its view of the world to the plant is a given the facts speak for themselves. scarce one and thence(prenominal) must grapple with the issue of whether or not this is a good thing? What gives Hollywood the right?The general point is that the mega-technologies have brought the world closer together and sped up the speed at which we receive information. except what be the concrete results? Could any of these results have been foreseen in the late mid-seventies when this technology was being certain? And if not, what does this say about democratic governance? After all, computers and automobiles have revolutionized our society with far more direct results than who gets pick out president. But again, there is no democratic contro l over these suggest invasions of our lives and the technologies themselves not only assume centralized control, but provide the agencies of centralization with greater and greater resources.Manders thesis is that technology is already biased in monetary value of centralization and statism. In other words, the proficient revolution, which turn itself in the mantle of freedom and progress, in fact needs a huge centralized implement of physical, technical, educational, political and economic forms. The technologies that have revolutionized our society have both created and in fact, assumed the public of a radically altered landscape that touches every element of human life.The technical apparatus that must be in place to electrify an perfect genuine must be huge, not to mention the standing armies that must be in place to defend the corridors of energy transmission such as oil pipelines. engineering is political, and most certainly, is not isolated from the re chief(prenominal )der of life. Technology has, in the20th century second industrial revolution, touched every position of human life without a vote taken.All technologies have consequences, inevitable and built in, and imperatives, just as inevitable, essentially separate from human dictates and desires. Norbert Wiener, the mathematician who was the fo under of red-brick cybernetics, has written about technical determinants dictated by the very disposition of machines, and of the steam engine he noted that it automatically leads to large and ever larger scales because it can power so many separate machines at once, to ever increasing production because it must pay back its high investment and operating costs, and to centralization and specialization because factors of efficiency and economy overturn those of, say, craftsmanship or esthetic expression. (Sale, 1996).Nevertheless, there can be no discussion of these topics without that of ideology. Technology does have its own ideology, and it ne eds to be unpacked. oneness might summarize this point of view this way First, that technology has its own trajectory that is independent of the will of mankind. This can be challenged by the dim-witted fact that all technological innovations of recent memory have been veritable in a corporate setting under corporate rules for profit. men have financed and created these things. But they have not financed or created these things blindly, as wear of some natural and inevitable process. They have been created according to a organisation of thought.Second, this scheme of thought is that happiness is a matter of technological progress and the accumulation of capital. In other words, the person that has the better car, high tech stereos and I-Pods, must, in general, be happier than one that does not, or has older, outdated equipment. Yet, there is no evidence for this, one would have a tough time pointing to look for that says state ar happier or less stress now than they were 1,000 old age ago.Third, the market is in control over whether or not technology is accepted and hence, democratically justifiable is often heard. In other words, the nation problem is solved by the market itself. If new technologies are invented and marketed, people can choose to buy or not to buy. But is it that undecomposable? One who buys the latest inventions is progressive, while the other is regressive. To have an 8-track player in ones car is an occasion for mockery, regardless of the satisfaction one gets from having such vintage equipment. Advertising and marketing campaigns are not intercommunicate to ones reason, but to ones base passions, to be considered acceptable, lovable and intelligent, kind of than boorish and ignorant. The acceptance or rejection of technology also partakes of these components as well.I think that in general, these arguments are universally seen as undergirding and justifying the bulky power of technology in modern societies, and in fact, e ven specify what modern actually is. While technology is taken for granted, the beginnings of a honorable discussion can only begin when the basic assumptions of a technological life are unpacked. What are the assumptions and promises, and to what extent has the high-tech society succeeded in meeting these expectations? It might be unreflectively held that people who lived 1,000 years ago were uniformly miserable and ignorant, yet serious research into that field has succeeded in shattering that silly myth, but it still remains the domain of eccentric specialists.Yet such a view undergirds much discussion on the head teacher of technology and its role in society. Technology and its thought-apparatus have succeeded even in write history to suit itself people were miserable and ignorant up until the nineteenth century. It is difficult to see how the high-tech society can justify itself in any other way. But the nature of any discussion must have teeth. In other words, it must be a ttached to the ability of communities and families to break away from the grid and being living different, solidsome lives. sterilised academic discussions do nothing but justify faculty salaries. Such talk must have a revolutionary purpose, to shift the relocation of progress as Bookchin sees it from technological gigantism to miniaturism, starting with the means by which the machines are powered.Given the above arguments, Kirkpatrick Sale has written substantially on the rebellion, both historical and modern, of the land versus the machine, the ultimate bi-modality in this discussion. His argument nicely dovetails with Mander in many respects. The first question is the difference between technology and a ashes of production. Mander holds that there is no difference, that machinery depends on a huge, centralized governance of life and thought, the bureaucratic man. On the other hand, Sale holds that the real revolution was in the development of the steam engine.For him, this was the first time that an invention came into existence completely independent of nature, rather than actually using it. Just as importantly, this invention also made the quantum jump from the world of local machines to an consummate system of production and life. Steam created the modern factory and its discipline that elicit from it (Sale, 1996). In other words, the development of steam took the organic confederation and out of use(p) it into a world of production dominated by a handful of elites. But this should be noted that it has been the issue of how machines are powered that led to the creation of the first grid.Again, the issue comes back to that of energy. With this, the more optimistic view of Bookchin makes more sense, since it is really not machinery per se, but the means by which they are powered that is non-liberatory in its tendency. Bookchin seems to say that the reduction of power to solar and wind sources (among other natural sources) is both inevitable (as o il runs out and blacken is too dirty) and morally demanded if decentralization and true local democracy are to become a reality.In his fiver Facets of a Myth Sale asks the unsophisticated question has the 400 years since the Industrial revolution produces more or less happiness for humanity (as a whole)? Has it produced more equality, more justice, less work, less stress, more amiable stability, for humanity as a whole? What were the promises of the technological revolution? These arguments, from Bacon to Compte have been nothing less than plenty, peace, less work and stress, a veritable utopia of production where drudgery would disappear. Diseases would be cured, wars ended and mental illness a thing of the past. But has industrialism and technology carried through on these promises? And what has been the cost of the convenience that industry has created?It seems that Mander, Bookchin and Sale would all agree that the promises of industrialism and the technological revolution have not been fulfilled. As one sort of association is brought forward, some others are left behind. All that does not conform to the side model of industrialization (or industrialization in general), is dismissively called backward and primitive, as terms of abuse.II. Society, Churches and the Technological RevolutionAs a matter of course, society seems to be a passive victim of the propaganda of the industrialists. Technology has invaded every corner of human life, fix landscapes of entire continents. All of this has been done long before any kind of debate has been engaged. This is the central problem. On the whole, churches have accepted the technological revolution with little protest. There are small exceptions the Russian Old Believers, the Amish, some traditional Roman Catholic and Orthodox writers have detailed the problems, both moral and social, of technology and its dominance over life.One promising area of research has been developed by the green anarchists, who have taken at least(prenominal) some of their material from the erstwhile Murray Bookchin, who advocated a humanized technology detached from centralized structures. solar power is the perennial example, since it is relatively easy to install and is off a grid, in other words, it need not be connected into any larger structures of power. Bookchin, in his 1970 office staff Scarcity Anarchism, contains a powerful search called Toward a Liberatory Technology.The early date of this publication makes it of great interest in modern writings against the technological revolution. Bookchin is far more optimistic than Mander, and holds that the drive in this revolution is toward the small scale computers and machinery in general are getting physically smaller and using less and less energy. This movement is a good thing and can assist in the mental synthesis of a new, decentralized society (Bookchin, 1970, 59).A liberated society, I believe, will not want to negate technology precisely becau se it has liberated and can rap music a balance. It may well want to assimilate the machine to artistic craftsmanship. By this I mean that the machine will remove the travail from the productive process, leaving its artistic completion to man. The machine, in effect, will act in human creativity. . . In a liberated community the combination of industrial machines and craftsmans tools could reach a degree of sophistication and of creative interdependency unparalleled in any period of human history (Bookchin, 1970, 80).The singularity between Mander and Bookchin in clear For the former, technology is inherently biased, at least in its present manifestation. Mander, like Bookchin, holds that solar and wind power is the wave of the future, and, in general, can mean that life off the grid is kinda possible, enhancing independence and local control over events. The central issue here is democracy and local control off-grid means local control, and cultural and economic lives are n ot necessarily dictated by distant banks, the national Reserve or the global economy, none of which the average community has any control over. But in Bookchins case, the industrial revolution already contains the seeds of its decentralization and hence, sees in the industrial revolution seeds of a new, liberated society. In general, by the term liberated Bookchin means independent of centralized sources of control.One arouse source of Christian radicalism has been the monastery. Here, especially in its Orthodox foundations, the technological revolution has been held at bay. For example, the Platina, California monastery of St. Herman is completely off grid. They have no hurry water or electricity, and grow most of their own victuals (Damascene, 2002). Their evidence are beautiful and spacious, and since they are vegetarians, hunting is prohibited (as is the case for all Orthodox monasteries). Their diet is very simple yet extremely wellnessy, and the community is growing. They run a major publishing house on generator power run by solar panels. The Platina experience has become central for giving an example of how to live a happy, healthy life without dependence on the system of interlocking systems of control which is meant by the term grid. some other example might be the St. Marys community in St. Marys Kansas. This is a Roman Catholic community that only partially controls the small town of St. Marys. They seek to live their lives manifestly and peace fully in prayer and honest labor. It is not a monastery and families thunder there, but they have already received several visits from the FBI, paranoid that a cult was at work there. If anything, such communities have an uphill go up from the state as well as the media, whose coverage of the community has been uniformly hostile and uncomprehending. (cf. http//www.smac.edu, St. Marys Academy page, with some information on the community as a whole).One can surmise with a great deal of justification t hat the average American family has embraced technology as inevitable, without fully understanding the complex consequences of such technologies. Slowly but surely however, the rather marginalized monastics, anarchists and greens have made somewhat of an impact. But if Bookchin is correct, the smaller scale of newer technologies will make a freer life possible with rather small changes in social consciousness. What seems to be at the center is the nature of power. If power can be locally created through bio-mass or solar energy, then technology can become liberatory. The grid seems to be based on power, i.e. energy, more than anything else though it cannot be limited to that.Every community would approximate local or regional autarky. It would seek to achieve wholeness, because wholeness produces complete, rounded men who live in a symbiotic human relationship with their environment. Even if a substantial portion of the economy fell within the sphere of a national division of labor , the overall economic weight of a society would still rest with the community (Bookchin, 1970, 83).The central good here is independence. But it is difficult to square the American interest in environmental politics with anything other than a fashionable political cause. It is hard to see how such a superficial commitment can be brought to accommodate on the rather humane anarchism and communitarianism of Bookchin. It seems that for the moment, the experiments such as Platina will remain marginalized and unkindly to the masses. The debate might continue, but, for better or worse, that does not stop the inevitable wheel of progress from spinning.A recent study from Cornell University suggests that most of Americans are powerfully beginning to question the issue of genetically engineered nourishments. This technology was gradually introduced into food production largely unbeknownst to the American public. Hence, since about two-thirds of American food is so processed, the debate i s largely a moot one. Nevertheless, Cornell claims that there has been a slight but significant shift over time towards a little less support for genetically engineered foods and more risk cognition (Bio-Medicine, 2005).What are the conclusions we can reach here? The first might be that the more practical questions of the ethic of technology must be brought under a more general heading this heading has been dealt with above and is the relationship of technology to liberty and democracy. All other goods flow from this. If one can show that technology has led to a stressed, mentally unbalanced and motorise society, then one must be able to reform the system and bring to bear new insights. If machinery is harmful to democracy and local control, then it needs to be eliminated, or at least, highly modified in the way that Bookchin proposes. Hiding behind arguments about the inevitable nature of technical progress will not do, but these only beg the question.Second, the question of tech nology and ethics is central to modern societies, and needs to be taken out of the classroom and into the Congress and the public square. These issues are not about the environment per se, but the environment is just an appendage of the more important questions concerning the nature of centralized economic control (whether from the state or corporate America, or an alliance of both) and its intimate relation to the history of technological progress. This is the basic principle issue of technology and its relation to ethics, that is, to freedom and autonomy. Freedom and autonomy, therefore, must also be the bedrock of a democratic order.A Model Syllabus A Brief IntroductionThis seminar is entitled Technology and Democracy, and will meet five times. It will incorporate film, written work and discussion. All points of view are satisfying and encouraged. Nevertheless, it should be made clear that the basic issues are defined as the relationship of technology and the sources of its cre ation and marketing with democracy, equality and safety. The issues below are meant to illustrate these basic themes from varying fields of study. This syllabus is meant to take the basic insights above, that is, the relationship of democracy to technology (as the center of technological ethics) and bring it to bear on more practical pursuits such as medicate or computer science.Day IThe question of technology and childrenReadings to have prepared beforehandParens, Eric (2006) surgically Shaping Children Technology, moral philosophy and the Pursuit of Noramality. Johns Hopkins University PressThis work will be the main topic of the first meeting. Discussion and workshops will follow concerning the impact of technology on raising children. Topics will include, sex selection and abortion, genetic engineering and, importantly, the medicating of children, especially boys. Basic issues of sexism (especially anti-male bias) will be discussedDay IIEthics and Health complaint TechnologyR eadings to have prepared beforehandAnderson, James (2002) Ethics and Information Technology A Care Based Approach to a Health Care System in Transition. Springer Books.The discussion will center upon the nature of genetic engineering in the realm of medicine and ethics. But what needs to be stressed is the connection between the corporate or state control of medicine and the nature of ethics and centralized power.A video will also be shownSulmasy, Daniel (2004) Dignity, Vulnerability and Care of the Patient. St. Vincents Medical Center. 55 min (available at http//www.providence.org/oregon/programs_and_services/ethics/e15clips.htm)Day IIIReadings to have prepared beforehandEthics and Weapons TechnologyBrigetedy, Ruben (2007) Ethics, Technology and the American mood of War. Routledge.This component will concern technology and the development of weapons. There is no separate between the industrial revolution and the development of mass war and extremely high-casualty wars. Technology must face this element of itself, its promises to bring humanity peace and plenty are belied by the fact that technology has all of the most deadly weapons known to man. Science, in other words, is not intrinsically liberating, it can also enslave.Day IVEthics and Information TechnologyReadings to have prepared beforehandStamatellos, Giannis (2007) Computer Ethics A Global Perspective. Jones and BartlettThis part of the seminar will deal with the issues involved in computer technology and privacy. This is a central issue in at presents economy and must be dealt with. Issues such as Pay-Pal and Ebay will be discussed, as well as the potential for fraud and abuse.Day VEthics and mental HealthReadings to have prepared beforehandDyer, Allen (1988) Ethics and Psychiatry. American Psychiatric Association PublicationsMental health and pharmaceuticals are important areas of ethics today. Tens of millions throughout the world are before long on legal, pharmaceuticals for mental illness. Hence, the issue goes right to the heart of this course the association of technology to the average person. In this case, the technology goes straight to the brain and manipulates the chemistry, altering the personality for better or worse. But at the same time, these medications are marketed for profit, hence creating a moral quandary is the prescription of these medications medically indispensable or even proper? Is the profit motive center confront here, or the science of medicine, and even more, to what extent has this science been controlled by the profit motive itself?Students will end the seminar with a brief presentation concerning one of the these five topics relative to the main topic the relation of technology to democracy and liberty.BibliographyAmerican Opinions are Split on Genetically Engineered Food. Bio Medicine News. 2005. (Bio-medicine.org)Bookchin, Murray (1970) Post Scarcity Anarchism. AK Press.Damascene, Fr. (2003). Fr. Seraphim Rose His Life and Works. St. Hermans Press (Fr. Seraphim founded the settlement at Platina, CA)Mander, Jerry (2006). Technologies of Globalization. in Mander, ed. The Case Against the Global Economy. Sierra Club Books. 344-359Sale, Kirkpatrick (1996) Rebels Against the Future. Basic Books(nd) Five Facets of a Myth. Primitivism Online Journal. (Primitivism.org)

Describe the position of black people in the USA in 1945 Essay

Blacks in the USA in 1945 were non conside loss as meet the treatment of people was based on their skin colour, a apply that had been going on for numerous years originally, tear d ingest afterward the reconstruction of society after the Civil War in which the blacks were liberated from thrall. In theory, blacks were free to work and live where they wanted, unless the figures at the time told a different story by 1960, around 17% of the workforce of pink-collar workers, i. e. professional, technical, administration, and so forth, were blacks, while the puritys remained the majority at 47%.The blue-collar work, such as craftsmen, manual labourers, etc. jobs that are renowned for needing less(prenominal) skill and schooling had 40% of the workforce as blacks, and 36% were whites. Blacks just werent provided the learning and qualifications to do the professional types of work due to separation of black and white facilities. Not only were they held back at getting the hi gher-class jobs, they were paid less for the same work that whites did in 1950, blacks earned about 53% of a whites wage.This figure remained the same over the next 20 years, with it rising 11% to blacks earning 64% of a whites wage. All over the USA, blacks were discriminated against in almost exclusively areas of life, whether it is the justice of the state, or just by the custom of the local society. after the abolishment of slavery, slaves had the choice of moving away from their former homes and having their own lives unfortunately, some a(prenominal) a(prenominal) blacks didnt subscribe to got any bills to move halfway crossways the USA to the northern states that had fought to free them.Those who did have the finance to travel seldom had overflowing money afterwards to sustain a good none of life after they had move. The custom of de facto came into play in some of the northerly states ghettos and places where the majority of the population were black sprung up i n towns and cities. Segregation by custom in the North was contrasted with segregation by law, or de jure, in the South- Jim gasconade laws forbade blacks, for example, to enter white facilities, or sit on buses with whites, etc.Places where de facto was in force came up with other ways to separate blacks from whites to obligate the Southern order of things red lining was when banks were not allowed to give money for mortgages if they suspected it would be a risky investment- if a black family moved into a certain area, it would lower the prices of the surrounding houses. This meant that places such as ghettos were strengthened up, when the majority of the population were black.This type of segregation wasnt by law, barely by custom, blacks werent forced to live in black areas, however they felt pressured to live in certain places because of the practises such as red lining in put together. Although it is in the Constitution that everyone is able and has the same civic rights , it is beliefs like red lining that push a wedge among races it whitethorn not seem constitutional, but it is up to the Supreme judgeship in the USA to decide what is constitutional.They decided that slavery was lawful in general due the fact that the Southern states parsimoniousness was based on slavery they were needed to produce cotton, the main export in the 19th century. Without them, the economy would have fallen apart. After the 13th amendment to the Constitution, slavery was no eternal legal, but the Supreme Court still remained to overlook state laws that proceed disparity and practices that could be seen as worse then slavery- for example, the Ku Klux Klan were allowed to terrorise and kill blacks, yet lynching was not made illegal.The Supreme Court stated that the 14th amendment forbids states, but not citizens, from discriminating (1) Separate facilities for blacks and whites were considered as the etymon to the discrimination problem the Supreme Court believe d that the blacks were separate but advert when they were forced to use different buildings, transport, schools and hospitals then the whites.Since the Supreme Court O.K. laws and could declare them unconstitutional if they wanted to, they were the ones who the blacks has to convince if they wanted to change anything in legal shells, the trial had to be taken to the Supreme Court to have any impact, since the State Courts were always going to be in opt of the Jim Crow laws. The Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) case was when Homer Plessy refused to sit in the coloured gondola of a train and sat in the white section instead. The case went to Supreme Court, and they ruled that Plessy was guilty and sentenced him to pay a fine or go to jail.This was considered the most shameful ruling of the Supreme Court in history it shows the extent of the discrimination against blacks, even after slavery was abolished- even though Plessy was 1/8 black and 7/8 white, he was still considered as black i n the eyes of the Louisiana law. Although many people thought that this ruling was shocking, at that place wasnt much that could be done, since they did not have a definite leader to show them what the do everything that the movement did was relatively unorganised, with maybe one person leading the others. tidy sum such as Martin Luther poof jr. and Booker T. Washington act to unite blacks under one leadership, but it did not work, because everyone has different aspect on what should be done about the discrimination problem. Dr Martin King Jr. was a black leader that advocated peaceful resistance because of this, many whites authoritative him because they knew that he would not cause violence, but blacks did not like this as peaceful protest could only take them so far- they felt that King was languider then some of the other extremist black leaders, such as Malcolm X.Kings approach to fighting against their oppression wasnt adequacy to keep the blacks following him they pre ferred people who were willing to do more than for the benefit of all blacks. Another leader who was thought as weak by fellow blacks was Booker T. Washington he was accused of creation an accommodationist to the whites, as he wasnt campaigning for equal civil rights, he was concentrating on equal job opportunities- this wasnt what the blacks were fighting for they wanted to be free to do what the whites could do, not only in jobs but in other aspects of life too.The leaders of the movement were not united, and then they were not strong- many leaders were critical of others, for example, W. E. B DuBois criticised Washington, saying that blacks cannot get fond equality if they do not get political equality first. The saucy freshet is a phrase used to explain the actions taken after Black Tuesday when the US Stock market crashed to stop the effects of the mental picture disturbing the lives of the public.Laws were passed to help stop the consequences of the mental picture beco ming a long-term problem within the first hundred days, President Roosevelt passed a law that lowered workers salaries and pensions by up to 15%- a move that people did not like, yet it saved a deal out of money for the government. Another act was passed that stated that the government could inspect banks before letting them open again so they could see if the bank was legal to lend and hold money.This prevented banks lending out money that they did not have, therefore they did not losing money for their customers and wouldnt have to close, as they would have to have done if they did lend out money they didnt have. The New Deal was produced so the government could help all of those that were affected by the Depression this helped the blacks because they were some of the poorest people in the USA at the time, and as many as 8% of blacks were unemployed in 1955.For the blacks, the New Deal about improved their way of living as it was designed to help everyone without discriminatio n. presently after New Deal was set up, the situation for blacks was improved socially by the outbreak of the Second World War. When the Americans were brought into the war, they needed as many men as they could to fight blacks had regiments where they could join and be equal to whites, but they still were not allowed to belong to the same regiment as the whites- there were some who did, but they were rare, they normally belonged to an all-black regiment.At the end of the war, the blacks got more pushy they were allowed to fight for their country, but America wasnt even grateful enough of them to let them be equal. This would have enraged African Americans since they had fought so tricky to be a part of America, so the Civil Rights movement operation increased, which put pressure on the government to do something.The Nazi political orientation also pushed the government into action, because what the Americans were doing to the blacks could be compared to the Germans discriminat ing against the Jews in Germany the blacks realised this, so demanded equality, as they didnt want the same to happen to them. In conclusion, the agency of blacks in 1945 was not equal to whites even after a century of supposed freedom from slavery, blacks were still treated as inferiors to whites. Laws and acts were in effect that encouraged the discrimination of blacks.Amendments such as the rights for blacks to vote and the rights for them to be equal were passed, but there were so many other laws that cancelled them out. Jim Crow laws in the South and practises such as red lining in the North made it impossible for blacks to be seen as equal politically, whilst rebellions by extremist whites and groups such as the Ku Klux Klan stopped blacks gaining any social standing(a) or equality.Blacks were supposed to be equal, but by 1945, some may comment that the position of them was worse then slavery, as the blacks were on their own in there poverty and discrimination before, they ha d their slave owners who would clothe and range them to keep productive workers- they would never be out on the streets as slaves, but as free people, they received basically no help.Things that whites took for granted, such as clean and good-quality facilities, and jobs that are fair and just are things that blacks counted themselves prospered if they managed to get any equality. People like Martin Luther King Jr. and W. E. B. DuBois tested to get equality, both through violence and peaceful means, but it didnt have much effect to the political and social standing of blacks.The discrimination of blacks continued right into the 20th century, even up into the 21st century. It was let up going for the blacks right to equality, but actions by both blacks and whites changed things for the better. However, in 1945, blacks were not considered as equal, but as 3/5s of a human being. Bibliography (1) http//www. alternativeinsight. com/Reparations-Slavery. hypertext markup language Field, Ron Civil Rights in America 1865-1980 Cambridge University Press http//www. lawbuzz. com/can_you/plessy/plessy. htm http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/New_Deal.

Family Systems and Healthy Development Essay

In todays world, families ar dynamic and mutualist organizations. The developmental processes of the youngsterren in the family atomic number 18 deeply affected by how the family system operates. However, a familys structure does not determine whether it is a hale family system or not. Today, families consist of single p arents, stepparents, divorced parents, remarried parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles. They are to each one(prenominal) able to contribute to a hygienic functioning family system by meeting each family members unavoidably and encouraging plus communication (Jamiolkowski, 2008). Un well-preserved family systems have negative and possibly long-term effects on a child, both fleshlyly and emotionally. An unhealthy family system affects genius development and social development. Moreover, parents hold a disassociateicularly great part in their childs phantasmal development. When a family system neglects eldritch stamp, the children do not develop a spectral affinity and lack religious meaning in their family life (Roehlkepartain, King, Wagener, Benson, 2006). Healthy Family SystemsA healthy family system is a family unit in which each members has their needs met. These needs include safety, security, survival, love and belonging, as well as self-esteem and developmental skills. In a healthy family structure, the family members share a love for whizz another, respect each other and follow a set of rules that cheer and maintain the welfare and development of each family member (Jamiolkowski, 2008). A expert and healthy family system has open communication between family members. Opinions and ideas are encouraged. Since children in a healthy family system are encouraged to communicate their wants and needs, they are confident enough to speak up in family matters. This protagonists develop a positive and confident self-identity. The children in the family are taught a core chemical group of values to establish right from wr ong, as well as face-to-face boundaries.Rules, which must be applied, are enforced fairly and consistently, but are flexible. A healthy family system makes a child feelcared for, pass and valued. Supportive parenting is a term used to describe parents whose authoritative parenting mien is firm, with pass by and consistent limits, but with warmth, proactive teaching, bear on and involvement in their childs peer activities, as well as quieten discussions while disciplining. Authoritative parents tend to be firm and set clear and consistent limits. Although strict, they are loving and supportive, and communicate to the child the rationale for their punishment, on with an explanation for why they should behave a certain way. This encourages independence in the child (Feldman, 2014).Research has shown that healthy friendships in which close ties emerge are developed when parents provide a warm and supportive kin milieu (Feldman, 2014). Children emulate positive social interactio ns and roles, which they learn from the adults in their lives who they model after. Children spirit in healthy family systems develop a strong and positive relationship with their parents or caregiver and will encourage positive relationships with others. Unhealthy Family SystemsThe parenting modal value in the home will result in differences in the childrens behavior. For example, an authoritarian parent is controlling, punitive and strict. Their rules are not flexible and do not tolerate expressions of disagreement. These children tend to be withdrawn with little sociability. Girls are unremarkably especially dependant on the parents, while boys tend to be unusually hostile. On the other hand, permissive parenting provides a relaxed and inconsistent regularity of discipline. They place little to no limits or control on how their children behave, and aim little of their children. These children also tend to be dependent and moody, low in social skills and self-control (Feldman , 2014). It after part sometimes be difficult to cut whether a family system is healthy or not.Even healthy family members mickle become understandably upset by circumstances and dont always deal with stressful situations well. However, an unhealthy family system is usually readyd by one or more members. Parents who were raised in unhealthy family systems whitethorn carry over the same traits to their own families. Also, other factors that can sustain an unhealthy family system is a parent or main caregiver with a serious problem such as mental illness, alcoholic drink abuse or drug addiction. This causes communication in the family tobe push and distorted. Opinions and ideas are discouraged and usually ignored. Usually children deal with mixed messages and opposed ideas, making it harder for them to discern between appropriate and inappropriate behavior. They develop slimy personal boundaries and have a hard time participating in loving relationships (Jamiolkowski, 2008). Effects of an Unhealthy SystemChildren in unhealthy family systems usually suffer from one or more rules of abuse. This can range from physical abuse to psychological abuse or neglect. At least quintuplet children are killed each day by their parent or caregiver, and most 3 million children are do by or neglected each year in the United States (Feldman, 20124). Abuse, at any level causes long-term and permanent effects on the development of a child. Physically abused children are more likely to be resistant to control and do not adapt well to new situations. They suffer from more headaches and conduct aches than the average child. They also experience frequent bed-wetting, suffer from gritty apprehension and may show developmental delays. Psychological abuse is associated with low self-esteem, lying, underachievement in school, and misbehavior.They can easily become depressed and are at high risk for suicide. Victims of physical and psychological abuse suffer from so many an other(prenominal) consequences because their brain goes through permanent changes due to the abuse. Childhood abuse can lead to a reduction in the size of the amygdala and hippocampus. asocial behaviors are caused by the overstimulation of the limbic system through the feeling of stress, idolatry or terror (Feldman, 2014). It is likely that the childs parents will deflect their religious and spiritual development. This is done through verbal communication, induction and indoctrination of spirits with the help of disciplinary tactics as well as rewards (Roehlkepartain, King, Wagener, Benson, 2006). Therefore, parents have the important task of guiding their children through their spiritual development.However, if the parent makes their childs spiritual experience a negative one, it may make the child rebel. This can occur when the parents show fanaticism towards a certain belief or religion (Jamiolkowski, 2008). Parents should apply spiritual modeling, in which children model thei r parents spiritual behavior. This can include engaging in activities that promote religious and spiritual development andperforming religiously motivated charity for others. These kinds of family routines and traditions help form the religious meaning in family life (Roehlkepartain, King, Wagener, & Benson, 2006). ConclusionMaintaining a healthy family system is key for raising a confident, loving and emotionally match child. A healthy family system provides a positive and safe home environment which promotes communication and respect between parents and children. Supportive parents uphold rules in a consistent, yet flexible manner while explaining to the child the argumentation and lesson behind the consequence. In an unhealthy family system, children sometimes endure physical and psychological abuse, as well as neglect. This affects brain development, as well as emotional and social development. Children from unhealthy family systems are usually dependent on the parents, have w ithdrawn personalities or are aggressive. They are unable to create personal and lasting relationships outside of the home, including those at a spiritual level. If the parents do not show positive religious and spiritual role modeling at home, the child will likely not take an interest in it as well.ReferencesFeldman, R. S. (2014). Development across the life span (7th ed.). upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson.Jamiolkowski, R.M. (2008). Coping in a Dysfunctional Family. sore York Rosen Pub. Group Roehlkepartain, King, Wagener, & Benson (2006). The handbook of spiritual development in childhood and adolescence. yard Oaks SAGE Publication.

Multiplication and Addition

If students see that addition and altercation is analogous because In multiplication you simply repeat the Dalton problem several time then they allow have an easier time learning to multiply subr break throughines. A way in which students can relate Dalton and multiplication Is by teaching them and having them work on grouping. By grouping the students will penury to fetch circles for the first quash that Is being multiplied and starts Inside the circles for the second number that Is being multiplied.For warning In the student will need to fellate 3 circles and then the student will need to luck 5 stars inner each circle. This way the student will be commensurate to see that they are simply adding 5 terzetto quantify. The commutative place states that the order in which you add or multiply two poem game does not affect the result. (ABA=baa) For pillowcase 3*5=5*3=15. A way that this property is connected to thinking strategies is by grouping. The teacher may have the students first draw 3 bubbles and 5 stars inside each bubble and then have them count on the stars for the total of 15 stars.Then the teacher can have the students draw 5 bubbles and put 3 stars inside each bubble ND once they have through with(p) this the teacher can once again make the students count the stars and they will realize that it once again equaled 15 stars, signifying that the two ways came proscribed with the akin answer, teaching them the commutative property. The associative law states that when you add or multiply amount, the grouping of the numbers does not affect the result ((ABA)c=a(BC). For example (2*6)3=2(6*3)=36. The associative property can be worked out by drafting it out and grouping together.For example for the (2*6)3=2(6*3) problem the students can draw 3 bubbles and raw 12 stars inside each bubble or draw out 2 bubbles and draw 18 stars inside each bubble, if the students count both of the different group of stars there will be 36 stars in ea ch picture, therefore showing the students that the order In which the numbers are multiplied does not affect the outcome. The distributive law states that multiplying a number by a group of numbers added together Is the same as doing each multiplication separately. When the distributive property Is used you assign a number to get the same answer. (b + c) = ABA + AC and (b + c)a = baa + ca) For example 2(3+4)= With the deliberate property the students can connect It to a thinking dodge Is by skip counting. For example In the problem 2(3+4) the students can every break the problem apart and do It separately or do It together, they can skip count by as 3 times and then by as 4 times and add the numbers or skip count by as 7 times, both will equal 14. One conceptual error that may be associated with addition and multiplication Is that students may rush themselves ND not behavior at the sign if it is addition or multiplication.One way to help the worksheet employ highlighters. Once t he worksheet is handed out to the students the teacher can ask the students to invade out their highlighters and when they are working out each problem they moldiness first highlight the sign, whether it is addition or multiplication, this way they will interest their time and look at the sign to correctly answer the problem. A second misconception associated with multiplication is that the students may not correctly work out the distributive law.In a problem such as (2+4) they may barricade that they must distribute the 3 to each number and instead do 3*2+4. A way to help the students not charge this error is to first hand them out a worksheet that they only need to write the next step they will take, such as 3(2+4)=3*2+3*4. A second way to help the students not commit this error is to have them draw an error from the number three to the number to and a second arrow from the number three to the number 4 for each problem, this way the students will remember that they must multip ly the first number to each number inside the parenthesis first.

Riath

Owen Marshall uses animal tomography of a camel to describe Mr Thorpe in the short story Requiem in a t profess dwelling house. The use of this animal imagery through similes decoys and principal(prenominal)tains the reviewers anxiety because it imbibes the proofreader sympathize for Mr Thorpe. The reader commands to read on to know wherefore he is like an old camel, what has led to this and why he is viewed in this steering. Mr Thorpe s to a faultd helplessly by, like an old gaunt camel, like a camel whose weakened expression is above it all. These examples of animal imagery from the text frame an image of Mr Thorpe like an old camel.Camels argon known to be large, inept and slow moving, so the comp be to the sr. Mr Thorpe is a negative superstar. Camels argon too often put on show at Zoos and such places where they live in small enclosures, much smaller than they ar employ to. The comparison to Mr Thorpe is demoralizing and dehumanizing to elderly deal howev er also makes the reader tone of interpretive program compassion and sympathy towards him as he is living in a small house much smaller than he is utilise to and is confined just like an old camel.The authors purpose was to accentuate the entrapment that Mr Thorpe feels in the town house. This draws the readers attention to how elderly stack are treated in society, often put to the side and their opinions ignored, decreasing their value of life. Animal imagery is equally used in Disconnections to attract and maintain the readers interest through the alienation of old people, especially towards the elderly woman, the main character. The lady has just suffered from a stroke and the older shes sprain her memory is fading. The doddery woman cannot support her self as she walks.Ever since the horrific stroke, she has let very sluggish. She is well aware of her familys opinions of her welfare and it makes her feel self conscious ab show up herself. The woman has to walk into a room where her family sits delay for her to come in watch her inching her behaviorward leg forward, an awkward stick-clutching crab. This allegory illustrates how the old woman walks, awkward, and stiffly jointed like that of a crab. It also highlights her difficult daily struggle to do things that we take for granted in our own life.Animal imagery is extended through break the text describing her movement be similar to that of a crabs. As I crab into the room. accomplish McCauley effectively uses animal imagery to highlight the many struggles that old people have to go through daily and how much we need to valuate the ability we have compared to that of an elderly person. She raises the issue of alienation many elderly feel as they are excluded from society and their family no longer want to watch after them, but only look down at them.Owen Marshall uses the symbolic representation of the give voice to personify Mr Thorpe in the Town House. symbolism of the purge is used t o maintain the readers interest throughout the short text. In the corner was a heavy(a) couch that had been brought in from the farm, but wouldnt become in the house. Like Mr Thorpe the couch doesnt fit in the Town House there is no place for it, the couch would give in the way just as Mr Thorpe does. Mrs Thorpe developed the habit of sending her husband out to wait for the post. It stopped him from blocking doorways The couch is stored in the garage and is heavy solid and collects dust. Mr Thorpe ends up spending a majority of his time on the couch in his garage, instead of in his town house that his married woman has forced upon him in his retirement as his despair deepened, he would go directly to the couch, and stretch out. On the couch lies an phalanx blanket and an embroidered cushion. The army blanket has been with Mr Thorpe through thick and thin. The couch is full of history and was sexual love just like Mr Thorpe.Just like the couch, Mr Thorpe is useless you could s ay he too does nothing but collects dust. The garage is the only place where Mr Thorpe can feel like he isnt being crushed by the tacky Town House. As his despair deepened he would go directly to the couch, and stretch out with his head on the old embroidered cushion. By comparing Mr Thorpe to an old, lumpy couch this maintains interest for the reader drawing curiosity as to why the comparison is being made. The authors purpose of using this symbol is to represent Mr Thorpe as an outcast from society.Mr Thorpe has been banished into the shadows of the Town House just like the couch is banished into the dark garage. Mr Thorpe represents everyone who feels outcast and just like another old erect of furniture in a modern Town House. McCauley, also uses the symbolism of the buttons in Disconnection as a technique to help attract and maintain the reader in highlighting the effects on how she is fall losing her dreams on being able to look after herself and she is just intense to live in her own house.The symbolism of the buttons is helped to uncover how much the buttons sozzled to her and help her to stay in reality and retain her short memory. The buttons are too small. Too small. They slither away from my fingers, from my clumsy finger and thumb.. The reader starts to see its not the buttons pulsateting smaller, but that she is slowly start to lose grip of her life and is starting to struggle with the simple things in life like doing up the buttons.The purpose is to show how she is losing control of her co-ordination, but not only that she is starting to lose control of her life, she has no voice and her family will be the ones that choose her future. The symbolism of the title also attracts and maintains reader. On so many levels, the reader sees how the narrators life is disconnected. passim the story we see that she is having disconnections with her family, her limbs, neurons and her memories.We learn that all she wants is her independence and freedom of her own home but when she gets the chance to say what she wants, her mind goes blank and she fails to make any real sense. You were my babies I announce. I realise I am making no sense They have no judgement what Im trying to say and even if I went on to explain they wouldnt understand. The reader sees that her last chance to get her only hope has been ineffective and she has lost grip of her life, and no one else will be able to have the time and care to be able to help her with her last wish.McCauley shows how the other characters in the story are aware that this not the right thing to be doing, but they are not giving her a choice they are ready to get on with their life. This method is effective as it is a strong way of attracting the reader to read on because they want to understand how old people are alienated from the rest of the world. The purpose is to show how old people in todays world really have no hope in getting their last wishes as the youth want to get on with their own life and dont have the time to look after them anymore.

Power of Communication Essay

dialogue is the underlying merciful select to shargon meanings and express ideas and thoughts and that can be achieved by the exchange of breeding in the midst of the society members. The process of dialogue is defined by the engineering skill available, culture and protocols of colloquy. Political scientists are interested in governmental converse through studying the fundamental interaction discourse amidst the political placement and the political process gener all(a) in ally and they confirmed the importance of the fundamental family kind between them, they called for re-examination and analysis of political cognizance ground on confabulation theories.Politics is difficult to be found without communication because t here mustiness be a link between the customary and the ruling elite (decision trainrs), and this applies to the political outline too. Citizens must be able to communicate their wishes and demands to the authorities, and the government shou ld be able to communicate its decisions to citizens and justify them to win their satisfaction.Political parties and politicians ineluctably huge public support, Where it can be said that political communication is the more or less important mover of communication that must be followed by a party in order to gain such(prenominal)(prenominal) support. It is salubrious known that the objective of any party is to access power or participate in it and this cannot be reached without large public support. This political communication can take different forms depends on the technology available such as press, radio, television and digital networked media.The political communication is the proper itinerary of any party members to open dialogue with the toiletes of the people for install the doctrine of their party to them, and gain popular support for the policy and programs of the party, where they hark to note of the public towards both(prenominal) situations and impressions tow ards it, and the members of the party again, during their partisan meetings to discuss the various social and economic problems in the community, and that need solutions, ranging proposals of different party members to fix these problems through the hierarchical organization of the party until it reaches the level of leadership and mix in in the various party programs. thereby ensuring this party kind of interaction with he public surrounding it, so that lead the response to the wishes and requirements of the public in the general policy of the party, to achieve a heavy(p) caboodle of compatibility between the party and street folk, and this goes back to the party with a great benefit in elections times, When the public buzz off the investigator to them ambitions and expectations, and This causes at rule conditions for arrival (the party with compatibility larger with the popular go forth) to rule the country.Communication was and pass on continue to be the some important a ctivity in man life through interacts with others to express ideas, needs and feelings and dreams, and has expressed their personality, culture and emancipation and the idea of an activity that can be embodied the meaning of benevolent dignity and values. So this make this activity champion of the some activities accountable of various standards, pressures and the laws that are on the whole a fundamental wonder about the nature of the relationship between the media and the ethics and other aspects of human being life.Communication science benefited and interact with all the of Sciences and knowledge, humanitarian, technical data and the science explain to us at this time to what affect the means of mass communication in the minds of the people and what is the size of this effect and how it is affecting. No superstarness can deny the importance of these theories of communication that formed the communication science which had experimented in communities that adopted and trie d to apply. The communication tools play an important aim in political life, whether internal or the outside, not only political professionals are attach importance to their communication strategy, but governed also gaining most of their information through the communication tools.The means of mass communication possesses the characteristics and capabilities of doubled distinct from those when its counterparts from groups or opinion leaders, are in any bailiwick means mass communication addresses the daily huge cross sections of the cosmos with one voice. The means of communication and media are necessary and important to make effectively communication links and interactions are always open between the ruler and the governed.Definitely, mass communication has evolved technically accompanied by the technical development happened to human societies in all assoilics, in ancient societies (Greek and romish society), political community was contain and number of citizens who can be cover by ruling messages was known, so it was post speeches and forums in public places naturalized in open air r in the theaters of the city that was one of the most forms of political communication, so it was politicians highly dependent on cajolery and the business leader to inference to convince they governed, This free space for debate and political communication that helped to create direct democracy known as the Athenian democracy, But with the development of human societies and the expansion of political activity plain stitch carriage regimes of modern political became not possible to rely only when on speeches and seminars, which includes a limited number of citizens, but became necessary to find a communication to spread and includes a wide segment of the public. (Karl W. Deutsch, 2006) books ReviewDenis McQuail, 2010 Seen these arguments compose, visual and audio as a tool of direct democracy, and as a court of public opinion open mean solar day and night pu t the law for everything all the time, not a replacement for institutions, but such ray of light detector that keeps moving here and there, revealing always talking about the depths of darkness Jacques Gerstle, 2004 One of the basic properties of the twentieth century is the communication tools revolution, and the appearance the community of communication.We saw the appearance of new techniques for political communication, these techniques that contributed in dissemination and sharing the information, ideas and communities in conditions limited time and across a wide geographical. Since the advent of printing, which contributed historically in the advancement of the theory and practice of democracy through journalism compose is the court of public opinion, as well as with the emergence of radio, which was the most important means of communication used in the second ball war propaganda by politicians, through well television, which affects more than other means of mass communicat ion.Various categories divergent public and geographically, does not follow some of the obstacles faced by other means such as the written press such as distribution problems and an individuals ability to read all the way to satellites to broadcast dimensional networks of electronic communication global movement of information and ideas and comply with the limits of regional and geographical, with the development of all these means and which was called some people name new technologies for information and communication find that the process of political communication has evolved is also no daylong this process takes place using the means of communication like a traditional speech, for example. Gabriel A. Almond, 2004 That everything in political sympathies is communication, governing body of communication is one of the briny channels for the flow of information from the elite to the masses and also to carry-forward the problems of the masses and their aspirations and their perce ptions to the elite. Robert Wiener, David Jerison, I. Isadore Manuel Singer, Daniel W.Strook, 1997 If we realized politics is system so communication system is the nerve that come acrosss the system, and the systems ability to exercise command and control linked to its ability to deal with the information, so that communication and control are two synonymous of same meaning, every time we call we also control. Karl W. Deutsch, William J. Foltz, 2010 The nerves of government political Communication and Control is proposed similar political regime system Cyber zonular, describes the relationship between the political system and its purlieu under shape or environment Cyber zonular, which imagined that communication as a system of decisions based on the flood of diverse information, and is communication and media the most important issues in political science, and confirms it is wrong to neglecting or underestimation the eccentric of other changes. Dr.Schwatzenberg, 1990 Political communication is the path that moves the political information one part to another parts of the political regime and between this system and the social system, it is path continuously to exchange of information between individuals and groups at all levels, It is especially the exchange of information between rulers and ruled that will ensure the agreement between them, each governor seeks to accepting his decisions, and all governed trying to structured and their needs are taken in the consideration, and compatibility and harmonization be realized only through the communication and through exchange. Harold Dwight Lasswell, lance de Leon, 2009 Political community like the pyramid, where rulers are elite at the top of the pyramid and the masses of people at the base, and between them there experts and specialists in the middle between the top and the base, and being communication processes on the tooshie that each nation ready political ystem specific consists of elite, They are obligated for the decision and supervision on the states economic resources and human resources, to achieve the goals and programs of the State, the ruling elite and using tools of communication specialized experts accept they are the ones those can be in the process of communication between the elite and controlled groups, and staff working in this area have their lineament in attracting public attention to social issues. Alvin Toffler, 1984 That there is a relationship substantially between communication process and the political process, if the world of politics is based on power, the desires of those who have power must be genic to the expect they will respond to it, and if the world of politics is based on the legitimacy of the highest authority, the matter requires a means by which based the exemplary expression of values and procedural standards for such systems, and if the world of politics based on participation, this means finding channels transporting the interests a nd demands of the citizens to decision makers. Kenneth E. Boulding. 989 The political process, such as the decision-making process, it is also a test of the roles of power in society, and in response to the images Stereotypes formed by political means of communication in society, The means of communication change of images Stereotypes of individuals, and political behavior based on images Stereotypes. Theories and Models of Communication (Difference Job Title and convergence of concept and function) Studies in Communication Sciences provided us science of communication in the framework is not piddle in terms of mixing in some of the concepts and nomenclature whitethorn be the reason in that transfers of these sciences at the hands of a attribute is not specialized and qualified in the field of media and communication.So understood confusion exists between science communication and science media and between theories and models in communication process but after multiple studies i n the field of media, communication and development study of media and communications at universities and institutes in the leash world and after a significant increase in who have advanced degrees in media from Western universities appeared a new generation of communication scholars provided us this real science in its context where they ruled for differentiating between the media and science communication and science and have sacrificed the relationship between them, and provided us both models and theories on the units and they ruled for differentiating among them.

A Separate Peace Essay

In the new, A break off stop, by prat Knowles the brain is presented what is a true fri residuum? The seed contests the question by manifesting two main characters, Finny and ele custodyt, to meet a quality of disceptation family. Finny is a self-confident, come on waiver, and gymnastic some unity. A tour on the other fleet broker is quiet, competitive, and in ensureigent soul. cistron gains jealous vox populis which in the shutting orchestrate their familiarity too gradu all in all(prenominal)y to fall emerge. The author creates a challenge that frustrates twain Finny and ingredient to test both side of their relationship. As an drill the author lay downs Finnys fall in the climax of the support is due to agent being jealous of him which then snuff its to Finnys tragic injury.I was not of the same quality as he. I couldnt survive this (Knowles 52). agent was surrounded with depression and major depravity. I quality that, with companionship th ither is perpetually difference to be envious feelings to fightds the other comp whatso ever so no matter what, however not to a point of peradventure injuring them or distressing them objectively bad. other incident is when gene wears Finnys clothes while he is recovering from his injury. This pull ins come on the thought that gene missed Finny and he had a feeling of l whizness, only if however he is also replacing him in his athletics.Listen, pal, if I shadowt trifle sports, youre personnel casualty to play for me (Knowles 76). Due the past altercations, constituent depart play for Finny, not tho beca subroutine he was the second outperform pseudo but Finny was injured. So I guess you preserve say he qualifies for his re discoverment. This shows that in a companionship or relationship, when two fri stop overs gain had an furrow in the past that has lead to l angiotensin-converting enzymeliness, an empty feeling, and non communication, but in the terminus this is the circumstanceors that dumbfounds a regard healthfuler when they in conclusion talk again for the starting line clock clipping in a long period of time and they both feel the love and wel attack type of feeling.The last incident that occurs shows the true feelings of friendship illustrated by the author is, this is when Finny fall d receive the stairs andhe breaks his fork for the second time. solely sadly in the end e last dies in surgery when the doctor begins his procedure on Finnys forking to try to fix it. The doctor then relieves that the marrow of the bone break loose and went finishedout his bloodstream leading to his centerfield killing him. agent didnt cry for one reason out, when he was at Finnys funeral, he matte as if this was his suffer.I could not escape a feeling that this was my sustain funeral, and you do not cry in that case(Knowles 184). cistron is tired of(p) at himself for endangering Finnys purport by bouncing and unbalancin g the direct kickoff as Finny leaped out to fightds the water and in the end unintentionally culmination his Finneys life. John Knowles wrote the sad floor of when friends obtain the feelings of delight in or jealousy, on their journey to discover the true meaning of what they thought was a true friend. Their jealous cravings lead them to their tragedy and this is the major factor that brought their friendship to a end. The question What is a true friend? push aside nevertheless be answered in your opinion for there is no true translation of true friends because ein integrityone is opposite and therefore view diametrically and has a different opinion on the subject.A enjoin relaxation probeThe prevail, A recount calm was written by John Knowles. It was first print in 1959. It checks the story agent Forrester, a former assimilator at a prep groom in New Hampshire, who hark backs to the nurture by and by state of warf ared he graduates. turn he is there , He memorializes the pass of 1942. When he walks up to a steer by the river, he remembers his friend and stylemate Phineas. Phineas was the outdo athlete in the entire schooldays. From then on the story moves bottom to 1942 at the school named Devon. Phineas athleticism inspires constituent to be experience one of the smartest kids in the school.He sensory facultyts to do well in school until he failed a test because of a trip to the b for each one with Phineas. When this happens, he blames Phineas for him failing. He begins to trounce angry with Phineas and tries to stay focused until one day when Phineas persuades gene to go and jump from a tree into the river. element thinks this is proficient some other begin to pull him from his studies so when he and Phineas be standing on the tree limb, cistron Jounces the limb to cause Phineas to lose his balance and fall to the river bank. Phineas shatters his point and this contingency cost him his athletic c arer. fac tor felt guilty some the incident and tries to confess to Phineas. Phineas refused to believe what happened and continue to think that it was right an accident. at one time Phineas returns to the school, he convinced divisor to inveigh for the 1944 Olympics. element tried to explain that this would be impossible with institution warfare II going on so Phineas persuaded him to believe that the war is fake. constituent readed his explanation and began to qualify for the Olympics. Then one day, Brinker Hadley brings the sons and some of their friends together for a mock streamlet to accuse broker for being responsible for the accident.When another boy shares his escort of the story saying that he saw factor Jounce the limb, Phineas leaves the room in anger. maculation walking down the stairs, he fell and broke his outgrowth again. epoch talking to Phineas in the hospital, divisor insists that he didnt mean to hurt him. Phineas accepts his apology and they remain frie nds. The next day in surgery, marrow from Phineas leg leaked into his blood stream reservation its modal value to his heart and killing him. component looked jeopardize laterward the war and realized that his real competitor was his own jealousy of Phineas.A branch Peace adjudicateIn chapter four the doppelganger is suck uping to form. element is starting to believe that there is a deadly rivalry amidst Finny and him. constituent is striving to pass on the valedictorian which means he has to study hard. component thinks that when he wins valedictorian that Finny and him will closingly be yet. ingredient asks Finny if he minds that gene is exhausting to win valedictorian, Finny replies, Id kill myself out of jealous look up to (52). gene believes this. Gene has a lot of bitterness towards Finny since Finny is a star athlete and can talk his way out of any problem he gets in to.To help deal with the bitterness Gene starts to itemize himself that Finny is also j ealous of Genes academic abilities. This bitterness towards Finny helps Gene advance in kinsfolkes to bother Finny. Gene starts to think that Finny purposely tries to damp his study quantify. Gene is starting to realize that Finny was never assay to struggle with Gene with him. Gene then goes into deeper bitterness than he was in in the lead, Gene believes that Finny is superior. This foreshadows when Gene shakes the tree limb.When Finny falls off the tree, this is the climax of the story since Gene and Finny are doppelgangers and only one of them can exist, and the one that is trying to hurt the other Gene. Finny was never trying to hurt Gene in any way but it was all in Genes mind. The doppelganger is a conflict that goes on through out the whole book, Gene is incessantly trying to get rid of Finny and compete with him meanwhile, Finny never means to defame anyone. When Finny dies, Gene shed no tears because Finny and him were one, and he couldnt cry at his own funeral.A Separate Peace EssayIt is immense to confront truth, no matter how harsh it is. People will ever face difficult smears, but avoiding them is a good deal ofttimes dangerous than the situation itself. In his novel, A Separate Peace, Knowles explores what can happen when a one-on-one or even an institution tries to avoid painful circumstances. In the story, Gene, the protagonist, and his friends are students at the Devon boarding school and the troubling issues they face are wars, the external, World state of war II, and the intimate conflicts that often arise mingled with close friends.Knowles uses the base of the geological fault of Devon, Finny, and Gene to show the importance of confronting head-on the wars within and slightly them. Devon boarding school shields Gene and his classmates from the hardships of World state of war II. Genes class, the amphetamine Middlers, are too young for the draft. This causes the teachers at Devon to see them as the last evidence of the life the war was being fought to preserve (29). The teachers are afraid to expose the boys to the terror of war and so they hide it from them.While throughout the country, others participate in the war effort, Gene and his classmates remain apart and spend their time calmly reading Virgil (24). Because of this separation, the war puzzles enti hope unreal (24) to the Upper Middlers. The entire macrocosm appears to be churning in the hullabaloo of the war, but Devon tries to remain the same, shielding the boys from its hardships. unfortunately, when the effects of the war needs come to Devon, its attempts at avoidance result in a negative interlingual rendition with bitter and unintended consequences.In its efforts to get across the wars existence, Devon changes from idyllic and relaxed in the Summer academic session to rigid and uncompromising in the winter Session. In the summer at Devon, the boys play games on the resumethy gullible turf brushed with dew to the cal ming sounds of cricket noises and the bird cries of dusk (24). such imagery makes Devon calculate corresponding a peaceful oasis for the Upper Middlers. However, this relaxed atmosphere of the Summer Session ends with Finnys fall from the tree at Devon River.Jumping from the tree was an activity originally designed to establish soldiers for war and Finnys injury from it represents the boys first experience with the pain that war brings. To Devon, Finnys fall proves that the relaxed atmosphere of the Summer Session could not protect the boys from the reality of war. As a result, Devon rejects the carefree environment of the Summer Session and changes into a strict school where continuity is stressed (73) in the Winter Session. This metamorphoseation proves negative as evidenced by Knowles stark change in his comment of the Winter Session.For example, while in the Summer Session the boys freely roamed the healthy green turf of Devons fields, they crowd into the dark substructur e Room a smoking room that Gene compares to a murky dungeon in the bowels of the dormitory (88). Where once the boys played in beauteous fields, they are now confined in close, dark rooms. Gene save classifies the transformation as negative by immediately remarking that peace has tatterdemalion Devon (72) when he returns for the Winter Session. In attempting to avoid the effects of the war, Devon sacrifices its shape as a befooln for the boys.When the reality that the world is at war inevitably strikes Devon, its transformation makes it less able to deal with the effects of the war. Gene compares the low-spirited arrival of the war to the snow that blankets the school grounds. He calls the snowflakes invaders that cover the cautiously pruned shrubbery bordering the crosswalks and likens them to the invasion of the war on the school (93). In making this comparison, Gene seems to show that motionlessness as Devons care honesty pruned shrubbery cannot escape the snowfall, its structured atmosphere cannot escape the war.In fact, it is that structured atmosphere that makes the war seem all the more attractive to the very boys Devon tried so urgently to protect. Representing this is the Upper Middlers decision to clear snow from train tracks designed to institutionalize troops. This is their first serious contribution to the war effort and requires that they travel away from Devon, symbolizing their desire to leave their school and participate in the war effort. As they work, the boys see a train car of soldiers whom they view as elite in comparison to their drab ranks (101).Directly by and by seeing the troops, all they boys can discuss is the futility of Devon and how they would never have war stories to give notice (of) their grandchildren (102). The boys see Devons strict unchanging atmosphere as piteous amidst the upheaval of the war. As a result, the Upper Middlers slowly reject Devon, resigning from clubs, going away the school to enlist in t he war, and losing their academic vigor. They resent Devon for keeping them from the war and remain forever distant from it. Gene exhibits this distance when he describes Devon afterward graduating.Gene calls Devon a hard and shiny (11) museum he feels no connection to it. He finally concludes that The more things stay the same, the more they change after all (14). In trying to remain untouched by the war, Devon changed to a school that pushed its students to the very war it tried to avoid. Like Devon, Finny does not accept the hardships or existence of war in his life. Throughout the story, Finny embraces the glorified aspects of war, but refuses to accept its atrocities. For example, Finny wears his pink shirt to celebrate the Americans outpouring of Central Europe.However, when he realizes that the bombing killed women and children, he guarantees Gene that he doesnt think the bombing took place. He does not want to believe that innocent volume are often casualties of war. Ev entually, Finny decides that the war cannot exist because it causes too much suffering. Similarly, Finny calls Gene his best pal (48) and openly displays his affection for him. However, when Gene confesses to deliberately jouncing him from the limb out of jealousy, Finny refuses to listen. He cannot accept that a friend could become an enemy. Eventually, Finnys self-renunciation of the conflicts in his life lead to a negative transformation.In trying to retain his rejection of the war, Finny changes from a confident, athletic leader into an embittered invalid. In the summer, Finny excels, becoming a graphic leader of the boys and easily winning over teachers. Finny is also physically impressive as evidenced by Genes description of him playing in the Devon River. Gene says that Finny is in exaltation, with glowing skin and muscles line up in perfection (34). In this description, Finny seems like an ideal, al virtually God like figure, completely in control and confident. Finnys in jury at the end of Summer Session, however, signals a dark transformation.Gene shakes the limb Finny is standing on while some to jump off the tree at Devon River and Finny falls and breaks his leg. Because Gene deliberately jounced Finny out of a tree used to prepare the seniors for war, Finnys fall and subsequent injury symbolizes a forced encounter with the potential pain of World War II and the war between Gene and himself. Rather than working through the hardship and pain, Finny rejects his former status as an athlete and leader and lets his injury define him as an single out invalid. Instead of using his athletic abilities to overcome his injury, Finny seems to remain permanently maimed.Although his leg heals and his cast becomes so small that an ordinary person could have managed it with hardly a limp noticeable (157), Finnys gait is permanantely changed. His in index to heal completely from his injury symbolizes his inability to confront and move on from the conflicts tha t caused it. Similarly, Finny loses his place as a leader among the Upper Middlers. When Finny returns to Devon for the Winter Session, he finds that the war dominates the Upper Middlers conversations. Finny does not believe the war exists and so he isolates himself and simoleons spending as much time with his peers.Where once he was a natural leader, he becomes an outcast to preserve his disbelief in the war. Finnys negative transformation makes him more vulnerable to the wars in his life. At the end of the Winter Session, Brinker conducts a mock exam and convicts Gene of his role in Finnys injury. Finny is again forced to face the reality of Genes jealousy. Furthermore, during the trial, Finny speaks to Leper for the first time after his return from the army. Lepers insanity, induced by the war, forces Finny to confront its painful implications. Because of Finnys transformation, he is even more sensitized to these implications.Symbolizing this are the events following the mock t rial. afterward Brinker convicts Gene, Finny falls while trying to run away. He re-breaks his leg, reopening the wound of the summer and revisiting the pain of the wars in his life. Where before the injury only weakend Finny, this time, Finny eventually dies from it. Just as his invalid state make him more vulnerable to re-injuring his leg, Finnys transformation in response to the war made him more vulnerable to it. impertinent Devon and Finny, Gene faces the reality of the war around him and his sexual struggle with Finny.While Gene enjoys the peaceful atmosphere of Devon in the Summer Session, he recognizes its inadequacies. Gene explains, Perhaps I only knew Devon had slipped through their the professors fingers during the warm over looked months (73). Gene realizes that the Summer Session, and the realities it avoided, would be the undoing of Devon. Furthermore, while the other Upper Middlers deny the existence of the war, Gene understands it at a deep level. Gene explicitl y says, The war was and is reality for me (32). He embraces the war instead of masking it. Similarly, Gene recognizes the inner war with Finny.Gene knows that he deliberately jounced the limb of the tree so that Finny would fall. He repeatedly tries to confess this to Finny, openly and inwardly confronting his jealousy. Finally, when Leper goes to war and is discharged for mental instability, Gene is the only student who visits him in his bag and sees him in his worst state. Gene is able to witness the shock and revulsion of the war. Because of his ability to face the wars around and within him, Gene undergoes a autocratic transformation. Gene confronts the conflicts in his life and uses them to mature from a fearful, uncertain boy to a balanced and strong man.Initially, Gene identifies the presence of fear in his life. As an adult reflecting on his childhood, Gene can see with great clarity the fear he had lived in (10). Gene is also initially in-athletic. While Finny garners m any athletic awards, Gene does not often participate in sports and focuses on his studies. This makes Gene feel inferior to Finny and so he often succumbs to Finnys desires, often at the expense of his own academic success. Gene feels inadequate and insecure in the Summer Session, but the Winter Session signals a change within him.Before returning to Devon for the Winter Session, Gene visits Finny and confesses his guilt. After confronting his jealousy and confessing to Finny, Gene returns to Devon and becomes increasingly independent and secure. Symbolizing this is Genes experience in the Naguamsett River. On his first day back to Devon, Gene falls into the ugly, saline, (79) irrigate of the Nagaumasett. Incidentally, Gene calls this encounter with the filthy waters a baptism.. on the first day of this winter session (79). This use of the word baptism, a term associated with initiation or rebirth, seems to convey that Gene is beginning a new life.Just as he emerges renew from the gritty disgusting waters of the Nagaumasett, he emerges renewed from his painful, uncomfortable clash of his inner war with Finny. Directly following Genes baptism, Finny returns to Devon as an invalid and he and Genes roles reverse. Now, It is Finny who needs Gene, both physically and emotionally, to help him deal with his injury and his functioning at Devon. Genes sudden athletic prowess represents this role reversal. Since Finny cannot participate in sports, he trains Gene. As he excels in his training, Gene notices that Finny seems older. nd littler too (121).He then realizes that he is actually bigger and Finny is only smaller by comparison. Gene has used the conflict in his life to leave behind his insecurities and become a strong, independent man. Genes transformation proves positive as it enables him to grow from the conflicts in his life. The results of the mock trial do no break Gene like the do Finny. He has already confronted his jealousy and guilt, and is secure enoug h to withstand the pain. Likewise, when Gene finally graduates from Devon and enlists in the army, he endures the war without losing his sanity like Leper.Gene is able to do this because he already fought his war (204) at Devon. He knowledgeable to confront harsh realities, and therefore can overcome them. As an adult, Gene is able to return to Devon content and secure, having made his escape from (10) the fear that plagued his childhood. His ability to confront his wars enable him to mature through them. Devon, Finny, and Gene all transform throughout the story. However, Devon and Finny changed to avoid the war, but Gene changed to grow from it. These transformations and stark residue in their outcomes powerfully convey the importance of unflinchingly confronting wars without and within.A Separate Peace Essay ace of the main focuses in the novel A Separate Peace is the friendship of Gene Forrester and Phineas. unrivalled would assume that two completely opposite people wouldnt h ave such a strong relationship. They both have different views of the world. Where one would find strength the other finds weakness. With having two opposing personalities as the main characters, its easy for the reader to identify with one more than the other. It also gives the reader a take place to admire, as well as pity, both Gene and Phineas.One of the most central differences between Gene and Finny is their views of the world. Gene has a more cynical world view. On the other hand, Finnys view of the world is very pure and naive. Finny truly believes that everyone is good in the world. Another thing that sets Gene apart from Finny is their strengths and weaknesses. Gene is one of the top students of his class, while Finny just gets by with below average grades. But what Finny lacks in academic achievements, he makes up for in athletics.Read moreWrite about a person you admire essayFinny also has the natural ability to lead others and has a non conforming attitude, whereas G ene is follower and has a more conforming attitude. As well as many other novels, A Separate Peace includes easily relatable characters. While reading the novel, I discovered that there are certain qualities of both Gene and Finny that I can identify with. After careful consideration, I realized that I most identify with Gene rather than Finny. He and I both are drawn to people with larger than life personalities.I can also relate to his insecure feelings that come with having friendships with those types of personalities. His strength in academics is another trait of his that I can identify with. Even though I identify more with Gene, I also pity him. I pity that his jealousy pushed him to do something so harmful to his supposed best friend. I also pity that fact that he doesnt have enough self confidence to tell Finny the truth. That being said, the person I admire would be Finny. He has this natural ability for being a leader, and its said several times that he can get away with anything.I also admire that instead of him moping about his leg, he twisted his own reality just to be happy. In conclusion, the main relationship in A Separate Peace involves two people with opposing personalities. They both view the world differently. Gene has more of a pessimistic view of the world, while Phineass view of the world is very innocent. Where Phineas finds strength, Gene finds weakness. While I indentify more with the character Gene, I also pity him for the outcome of his poor decisions. Instead, I admire Phineas. I admire his self confidence and attitude towards life.A Separate Peace EssayIn the book, A Separate Peace, the author, John Knowles, writes to us a novel about war, but happens to focus more on the war within the human heart. This novel tells a story of two boys co-dependency during World War Two, and explores the difficulties with understanding the self during adolescence. Identity is abstruse enough as the narrator, Gene Forrester, enters adulthood in a time of war, but a difficult friendship with a fellow student and rival leads to a further confusion of individuality.Early in the book, the boys relationship is charged by Genes jealousy and hate of Phineas leadership. However, after Phineas falls from the tree, Gene ejects his darker feelings from himself and turns their relationship in a new concern where co-dependency, instead of enviousness, drives it. The central relationship between Gene and Finny, involves a difficult search to authorize identity outside of co-dependency. Gene Forrester is a boy with many conflicts that he must face throughout his high school year.The most significant of these moves is, without a doubt, Genes struggle with his own identity. At first Gene is displeased with his personality, or lack thereof. He envies his best friend, Phineas (Finnys), wit, charm, and leadership. Throughout the book, Gene repeatedly finds himself acting like his friend, a transformation occurring that Gene is unaware of. There are a anatomy of significant transformations within this story. Phineas is transformed from an active athlete into a cripple after his accident and then sets out to transform Gene in his place.This change is the beginning process by which Genes identity begins to blur into Finnys, a transformation symbolized by Genes putting on Finnys clothes one evening soon after the accident. I washed the traces off me and then put on a pair of chocolate brown slacks, a pair in which Phineas had been sparely critical of when he wasnt wearing them, and a blue washcloth shirt (78). This is the first time in the book that we notice just how much Gene is codependent on Phineas, even when he is gone.From this point on, Gene and Phineas come to depend on each other for psychological support. Gene playing sports because Phineas cannot, Listen, pal, if I cant play sports, youre going to play them for me this allows Finny to train Gene to be the athlete that Finny himself cannot be. This train ing seems to be a path for Phineas simply to live vicariously through Gene. But Gene actively welcomes his attempt, for just as Finny acquires inner strength through Gene, Gene also finds happiness in losing the person he dislikes, himself, into the person he truly likes, Phineas. and I lost part of myself to him then, and a exalted sense of exemption revealed that this must have been my purpose from the first to become part of Phineas. (77)In this way, the boys relationship becomes a perfect illustration of co-dependency, with each feeling off of and becoming fulfilled by, the other. This newfound co-dependency begins the evolution of the boys individual identities. Finny knows himself throughout the book, and is comfortable in his own skin, at least at first. After his fall, he becomes more withdrawn and tends to hide his true feelings. He seems to lose himself as the book progresses.The innocence and general good record that defined him early on is lost in later chapters, as h e continually deludes himself as to Genes true intentions. Gene, on the other hand, hides his true identity from Phineas and the others through most of the novel. Yet Gene truly reveals himself at several key points such as energy Finny from the tree. The boys are living in their own secret illusions that World War Two is a mere conspiracy created by old men and proceed to believe that Gene, Finny through him, will go to the Olympics and that the world cant change their dreams.The boys are refusing to develop their own goals and responsibilities without each other. not even Finnys death, though it discovers them physically, can truly disentangle Genes identity from Phineas. Gene feels as though Finnys funeral is his own. In a way, the funeral is indeed Genes own. So much of Gene is intermixed with Phineas that it is difficult to imagine one boy existing without the other.The entire novel becomes Genes recollection of building his own identity, culminating in his return to Devon y ears later, where he is finally able to come to terms with what hes done. During the time I was with him, Phineas created an atmosphere in which I continued now to live, a way of sizing up the world with anomalous and entirely personal reservations, letting its rocklike facts sift through and be accepted only a little at a time, only as much as he could assimilate without a sense of chaos and loss (194). It is perhaps only his understanding that Phineas alone has no enemy that allows the older Gene to reestablish a single out identity. One that is inferior to Phineas.A Separate Peace EssayOne of the most asked questions for A Separate Peace is who exactly is the protagonist and opponent? Most would agree that Gene is the protagonist, however is it Gene or Phineas that is the enemy? I believe that the real bad guy in this book is Gene. He envied Phineas from the very beginning but didnt admit it until a little later on. Whether it was getting away from trouble, having a natural at hletic ability, or simply being modest and humble about things, Phineas seemed to have been better at almost everything.In this novel, many events occur between Gene and Finny that foreshadow the inner conflict Gene faces. For example, Gene and Finny are malcontent and often end up in trouble with the teachers. However, because of Finnys smooth words, he is able to get the both of them away from penalization almost every single time. After getting out of trouble multiple times, Gene admits that he couldnt help but envy Finny just a little bit. Small events like those happened often, and the reader can sense a feeling of jealousy growing inside of Gene. As Finny continued to be absolutely great at everything, Gene began to envy him more. Due to Genes inner conflict, their friendship dramatically changes.Gene plays the main character also known as the protagonist. Hes the narrator and brings the readers back fifteen years before as he tells his story of his life at Devon School. His actions and discoveries are what create the plot. For example, because Gene becomes a bitter and jealous person, he ends up creating a theory that Phineas is his rivalry (discovery). The darkness inside himself subconsciously forces him to jounce the limb, making Phineas fall (plot).Although Gene is the protagonist, I believe he is also the antagonist. In the book, Gene and Phineas have a good friendship there were no arguments and they got along just fine. Gene, however, begins to envy Finny with things as simple as smooth words and athletic ability. As time progressed, the darkness inside of Gene grew and eventually it was full on competition. An antagonist is someone who opposes the main character, and oddly enough Gene opposes himself. He creates this fake assumption that Phineas is trying to be the better person. Unfortunately he got his theory mixed up with reality causing his friendship with Finny to fall down hill. I found a single sustaining thought you and Phineas were eve n. You are both coldly driving ahead for yourselves alone.When it all comes down, Phineas is both the protagonist and antagonist. He is the main character yet he is his own enemy. His inner conflicts and insecure thoughts caused him to ruin his best friend along with their friendship. This book can teach the readers a great lesson about friendship and consequences when you start losing yourself to jealousy and envy it certainly taught me somethingA Separate Peace EssayIn John Knowles novel A Separate Peace, it begins with the protagonist, Gene Forrester coming back to his alma mater the Devon School in New Hampshire. Wandering through the campus, Gene makes his way to a tall tree by the river the reason for his return. From here he takes the reader back to the year 1942 during World War II when he was in high school. During the summer session of 1942, he becomes close friends with his daredevil roommate Finny. Finny is able to convince Gene into making a dangerous jump out of a tree into a river, and the two start a secret society based on this ritual. Gene slowly begins to envy Finnys athletic capabilities and his innocence, and thinks that Finny envies him in return. Gene finally realizes that there was never any rivalry between them when, one day, Finny expresses a genuine desire to see Gene succeed.While still in shock, he goes with Finny to the tree for their jumping ritual. When Finny reaches the edge of the branch, Genes knees bend, shaking the branch and causing Finny to fall to the bank and shatter his leg. He goes to see Finny and begins to admit what happened, but the doctor interrupts him, and Finny is sent home before Gene gets another chance to confess. On his way back to school from vacation, he stops by Finnys house and tries to tell him the truth about what happened. Finny refuses to listen to him, and Gene rescinds his confession and continues on to school. World War II is in full swing and the boys at Devon are all eager to enlist in the mil itary. Brinker Hadley, a prominent class politician, tells Gene that they enlist together, and Gene agrees. But later that night, he finds Finny has returned to school. Both Gene and Brinker decide not to enlist. Brinker organizes a meeting with their classmates and has Gene and Finny come without notice.The boys question the two about the fall. Finny does not say much because he cannot remember clearly, and Gene claims that he doesnt remember the details of it. The boys now bring in Leper, who was sighted earlier in the day skulking about the bushes, and Leper begins to implicate Gene. Finny declares that he does not care about the facts and rushes out of the room. travel rapidly on the stairs, he falls and breaks his leg again. Gene sneaks over to the schools infirmary that night to see Finny, who angrily sends him away. The next morning, he goes to see Finny again, takes full blame for the tragedy and apologizes. Finny accepts these statements and the two are reconciled. Later, during an appendage on Finnys leg, something goes wrong, killing him.Gene receives the news withrelative calm he feels that he has become a part of Finny and will eternally be with him. At the end of the novel Gene reflects on the invariant enmity that plagues the human hearta curse from which he believes that only Finny was immune. I believe that John Knowles titled his novel A Separate Peace because Gene gains a separate peace with himself. Even though he hurt Finny and had lots of conflict with him and troubling finding himself, at the end he is able to feel at peace. It was a different peace than he was expecting. The novel focused on the inner wars we absorb with ourselves. Even in the midst of a world war, Gene battles his inner demons and defeats his worst enemy inside himself and thus creates a different, a separate peace for himself. The four main characters in A Separate Peace are the protagonist, Gene Forrester, the antagonist, Brinker Hadley, and two of their classm ates Finny and Elwin Leper Lepellier. If I were to describe Gene in five words, I would say that he is insecure, envious, loyal, competitive, and honest. I would describe Brinker as authoritative, demanding, intelligent, responsible, and mature.Finny is outgoing, free-spirited, mischievous, vulnerable, and charismatic. And Leper is gentle, contemplative, quiet, bright, and bold. My first moving-picture show of the protagonist, Gene was that he very much a follower and not a leader. Right from the start he let Finny talk him into stupid things (17) and felt that he was getting some form of hold over him (17). But he still jumped from the tree anyway. Another time I was able to see this was when Finny suggested that they go to the beach and Gene had thought of all the risks such as expulsion, destroyed . . . studying he was going to do for an important test the next morning, blasted the reasonable heart and soul of order he wanted to maintain in his life, and . . . the kind of long , labored ride ride he hated (46). But his response was still aall right (46). These actions of continuing to follow what others do, specifically Phineas is on Phineas first day back after his fall. Finny tells Gene for the first time that he was working towards the 1944 Olympics, but with his busted leg, he can no longer achieve that goal, which gives him the idea to train Gene for them instead. And not believing him, not forgetting that troops were being shuttled toward battlefields all over the world, he went along, as he always did (117).Gene does not only show this willingness to go along with just Finny, but Brinker as well. My first impression ofthe antagonist, Brinker Hadley was that he is very authoritative and that he is definitely a leader. The first time I was able to see this was after their long day of service to the war effort when a group of boys including Brinker and Gene were in the butt room, and Brinker had told everyone that he was giving it up (100) and that he would enlist the next day. I saw it as him taking advantage of his leadership coif among the boys and to lead the way into serving in the war. A more obvious way of seeing his leadership is the way that he is expound as the hub of the class (87). Hub is a synonym for the center of something, or the heart and core. If someone is described as the hub of the class, then it means that they are the person that keeps the class together. The final way I was able to see Brinkers leadership was towards the end of the book. Even though he had transformed to a more rebellious way, there was still a sign of his authority when he had ordered the trial in the Assembly Hall. His wanting to know the truth that was mystic from him drove him to hold the meeting in order to find it. Gene is definitely a dynamic and round character unlike Brinker who is a static and flat character. Gene changes very significantly in the story.He struggled a lot with finding himself and his identity, so much that he believes that he is a part of Phineas. Oddly enough, this sort of makes sense. One way to think about it is the guilt Gene was so disgusted with himself for having caused Finnys accident that he cant bear to be himself, so he becomes someone else Phineas. Another explanation is that because the struggle to define him is so difficult, hes simply borrowed someone elses identity instead of creating one for himself. But once Finny is gone, Gene has to rely on himself to make decisions and make up his own rules. At the end of the novel as Gene is reflecting fifteen years later, he says that his war ended before he ever put on a uniform . . . because he killed his enemy there (204). I believe that the enemy he defeated was the part of Phineas that was in him, and by doing that he was able to gain peace. Brinker authentically does not transform much throughout the story. His main change is when he steps down from his position in the Golden Fleece Debating Society and his behavior at the winter festival, but his strong and authoritative personality remains.It wasnt the cider which made me surpass myself, it was this liberation we had torn from the gray encroachments of 1943, the escape we had concocted, thisafternoon of momentary, illusory, special and separate peace. (136,137) This passage stood out to me because in the midst of a impetuous war, these schoolboys were able to find their own peace with each other by having fun and seeing that the little things in life like a winter carnival could create such an escape for them. It was their idea of freedom that gave them such peace within themselves, and it was as if the war was not even going on. There were many themes in this novel, but the one that stood out the most to me was the difference between creating your own identity and dependence on someone else to borrow theirs. When Phineas told Gene that he would be participating in sports in his place, Gene had a realization that what he had been longing for wa s to be a part of Finny.This is very different than the end of the novel where Gene is looking back to that time and realizing that the part of Phineas that was in him had died when Phineas died. And because of that death, he had to rely on himself in order to craft his own identity and to finally gain peace. I think that one of the biggest decisions Gene had to make was to tell Finny the truth on his way back to school after the summer session. Even though Finny did not listen to him, the courage that it took Gene to do that was immense. I think that it was wise because it showed that he cared enough about Finny to tell him the truth. I also think that it helped him get rid of some of the guilt by just having Finny know what actually happened, whether he believed it or not. If I were in Genes position I probably would do the same thing just because I know from previous experience that if you lie, it can really hurt you in the end, and it is a pain to have it harboring over you all the time. Ive learned two life lessons from this novel. One is to enjoy life, and not be so worried about what is going to happen next. I should not be completely apathetic to the future, but to live to the fullest and have fun. Another more serious lesson is the importance of leniency and love.If someone has wronged me, I should not keep a grudge against them or make them feel terrible about it, but instead I should do what Christ calls us to do which is to love one another as yourself, and to forgive. A Separate Peace has really reminded me how important these lessons, oddly the latter are as I continue to mature. There really was not anything that I disliked about this book except for one summon. Gene is telling the reader one of Finnys most important rules, and one of them was always say your prayersat night because it might turn out that there is a God (35). I did not like this quote just because of what I believe in and what I know as truth. I believe that there is a God an d that I should always pray no matter what. But other than this one quote, there was nothing I really disliked about it.